Table 3.
Estimated mean change (standard error) from baseline and treatment effects, adjusted for site.
| Control group |
Treatment group |
Group difference |
Effect size |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | P value | d | SRM | |
| Primary outcomes | |||||||||
| Pain intensity composite | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.17 | 0.07* | −0.38 | 0.07‡ | −0.22 | 0.09* | .017 | 0.22 | 0.28 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.20 | 0.09* | −0.31 | 0.10† | −0.12 | 0.13 | .390 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.17 | 0.07* | −0.37 | 0.08‡ | −0.21 | 0.11* | .047 | 0.21 | 0.26 |
| Physical functioning composite | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.10 | 0.06 | −0.28 | 0.06‡ | −0.18 | 0.08* | .024 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.20 | 0.06† | −0.23 | 0.07† | −0.04 | 0.10 | .719 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.16 | 0.05† | −0.32 | 0.06‡ | −0.17 | 0.08* | .036 | 0.17 | 0.28 |
| Psychological distress composite | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.03 | 0.06 | −0.20 | 0.06† | −0.16 | 0.08* | .033 | 0.17 | 0.25 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.00 | 0.06 | −0.11 | 0.07 | −0.11 | 0.09 | .222 | 0.11 | 0.18 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.05 | 0.05 | −0.25 | 0.06‡ | −0.20 | 0.08* | .012 | 0.20 | 0.33 |
| Coping strategies | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.34 | 0.07‡ | 0.65 | 0.07‡ | 0.31 | 0.10† | .001 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.30 | 0.09† | 0.53 | 0.09‡ | 0.23 | 0.12* | .043 | 0.23 | 0.24 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.29 | 0.08‡ | 0.52 | 0.08‡ | 0.23 | 0.10* | .026 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Catastrophizing | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.81 | 0.48 | −0.14 | 0.45 | −0.95 | 0.63 | .132 | 0.15 | 0.18 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.24 | 0.48 | −1.07 | 0.52* | −1.32 | 0.68 | .054 | 0.21 | 0.25 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.07 | 0.51 | −1.36 | 0.54* | −1.43 | 0.65* | .028 | 0.22 | 0.26 |
| Self-efficacy | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.18 | 0.18 | 1.31 | 0.18‡ | 1.13 | 0.23‡ | <.001 | 0.61 | 0.51 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.62 | 0.20† | 0.90 | 0.21‡ | 0.28 | 0.27 | .296 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.50 | 0.19† | 0.84 | 0.20‡ | 0.35 | 0.24 | .158 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
| Quality of life | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −1.84 | 1.1 | −0.40 | 1.0 | 1.45 | 1.4 | .285 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.32 | 1.2 | −1.11 | 1.3 | −1.43 | 1.8 | .426 | −0.10 | −0.12 |
| 12-month follow-up | −1.55 | 1.0 | 0.64 | 1.2 | 2.19 | 1.6 | .159 | 0.16 | 0.18 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||||||
| Fatigue | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.07 | 0.17 | −0.82 | 0.16‡ | −0.76 | 0.22† | .001 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.16 | 0.18 | −0.24 | 0.21 | −0.40 | 0.28 | .144 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.29 | 0.18 | −0.47 | 0.21* | −0.75 | 0.27† | .005 | 0.39 | 0.35 |
| AIMS2 social activities | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.11 | 0.14 | −0.10 | 0.13 | −0.21 | 0.18 | .234 | 0.12 | 0.14 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.24 | 0.14 | −0.24 | 0.14 | −0.00 | 0.19 | .996 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.31 | 0.16 | −0.18 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.21 | .557 | −0.07 | −0.08 |
| AIMS2 family/friend support | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.26 | 0.17 | −0.20 | 0.16 | −0.45 | 0.22* | .040 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.06 | 0.18 | −0.24 | 0.17 | −0.30 | 0.24 | .205 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.08 | 0.19 | −0.26 | 0.18 | −0.18 | 0.24 | .455 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| AIMS2 satisfaction with health | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.36 | 0.13† | −0.65 | 0.13‡ | −0.45 | 0.17† | .009 | 0.23 | 0.30 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.35 | 0.13† | −0.64 | 0.15‡ | −0.30 | 0.18 | .098 | 0.15 | 0.22 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.37 | 0.13† | −0.45 | 0.14† | −0.27 | 0.18 | .135 | 0.14 | 0.19 |
| IVR outcomes | |||||||||
| Daily pain intensity | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.08 | 0.13 | −0.78 | 0.13‡ | −0.71 | 0.18‡ | <.001 | 0.40 | 0.48 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.04 | 0.15 | −0.83 | 0.15‡ | −0.87 | 0.21‡ | <.001 | 0.49 | 0.53 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.10 | 0.15 | −0.52 | 0.16† | −0.42 | 0.20* | .037 | 0.24 | 0.28 |
| Daily pain interference | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.01 | 0.13 | −0.53 | 0.13‡ | −0.52 | 0.18† | .003 | 0.32 | 0.39 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.02 | 0.15 | −0.57 | 0.14‡ | −0.55 | 0.21† | .008 | 0.34 | 0.36 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.03 | 0.17 | −0.39 | 0.15* | −0.42 | 0.23 | .065 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
| Daily life satisfaction | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.13† | 0.18 | 0.17 | .268 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.33 | 0.14* | 0.22 | 0.19 | .257 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.30 | 0.13* | 0.34 | 0.11† | 0.05 | 0.16 | .776 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Daily canceling activities | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.07 | 0.03† | −0.09 | 0.03† | −0.02 | 0.03 | .492 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.07 | 0.03† | −0.12 | 0.02‡ | −0.06 | 0.03 | .094 | 0.17 | 0.21 |
| 12-month follow-up | −0.05 | 0.03 | −0.08 | 0.03* | −0.03 | 0.04 | .539 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| Daily fatigue | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | −0.21 | 0.13 | −0.67 | 0.13‡ | −0.45 | 0.18* | .013 | 0.24 | 0.31 |
| 6-month follow-up | −0.07 | 0.15 | −0.53 | 0.15† | −0.46 | 0.21* | .029 | 0.25 | 0.30 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.06 | 0.18 | −0.45 | 0.19* | −0.51 | 0.24* | .031 | 0.28 | 0.30 |
| Daily additional pain medication | |||||||||
| Posttreatment | 0.00 | 0.03 | −0.08 | 0.03† | −0.08 | 0.04* | .025 | 0.24 | 0.28 |
| 6-month follow-up | 0.00 | 0.03 | −0.08 | 0.03* | −0.08 | 0.04 | .050 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| 12-month follow-up | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.08 | 0.04* | −0.10 | 0.05* | .035 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
SRM = standardized response mean (group difference in change relative to the SD of change scores); AIMS2 = Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales; IVR = interactive voice response. d = Cohen’s d (group difference in change relative to the standard deviation of pretreatment scores).
*
P < .05.
†
P < .01
‡
P < .001