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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Res Nurs. 2011 Sep 7;15(1):86–95. doi: 10.1177/1099800411420134

Table 3.

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Scores at School Age by Dichotomized Perinatal Steroid (PNS) Group

Outcome Low–No PNS Mean ± SD (n = 25) High PNS Mean ± SD (n = 20) F P
Internalizing, Externalizing Total Problems scale
 Total Problems 55.5 ± 11.8 52.1 ± 11.0 1.0 .32
 Internalizing 54.8 ± 11.9 52.2 ± 10.1 .63 .43
 Externalizing 53.0 ± 10.2 49.0 ± 10.9 1.5 .23
DSM-oriented scale
 Affective problems 56.6 ± 8.0 54.8 ± 7.14 .62 .43
 Anxiety problems 59.4 ± 8.1 55.2 ± 6.8 3.4 .07
 Somatic problems 56.1 ± 7.4 55.7 ± 7.1 .04 .84
 Attention deficit/hyperactivity problems 58.4 ± 8.6 58.3 ± 7.6 .32 .57
 Oppositional defiant problems 55.4 ± 6.2 53.7 ± 6.8 .06 .81
 Conduct problems 55.4 ± 5.0 53.8 ± 7.0 .69 .41
Syndrome scale
 Anxious/depressed 57.3 ± 8.2 53.2 ± 5.3 3.68 .06
 Withdrawn/depressed 58.2 ± 9.0 58.0 ± 9.1 .01 .94
 Somatic complaints 55.3 ± 8.0 58.0 ± 7.3 .04 .83
 Social problems 56.7 ± 8.2 57.0 ± 8.6 .01 .93
 Thought problems 58.2 ± 9.2 54.6 ± 6.2 1.87 .18
 Attention problems 58.0 ± 7.9 58.9 ± 7.9 .12 .73
 Rule-breaking problems 56.0 ± 5.9 53.9 ± 7.1 1   .32
 Aggressive behavior 56.0 ± 8.0 54.0 ± 6.9 .74 .39

Note. The low–no PNS group was exposed to ≤ 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) prior to 40 weeks’ postconceptional age (PCA); the high PNS group was exposed to > 0.2 mg/kg DEX prior to 40 weeks’ PCA. DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.