Table 1.
Frequency of GERD symptoms and their correlation with different characteristics of subjects in Shiraz, Southern Iran (n = 1978)
| Characteristics |
GERD Symptoms (%) |
P value | ||
| Present | Absent | |||
| Gender | Male | 12.3 | 87.7 | 0.003 |
| Female | 17.3 | 82.7 | ||
| Habitat | Urban | 13 | 87 | 0.001 |
| Rural | 19.8 | 80.2 | ||
| Illiterate | 21.5 | 78.5 | ||
| Education | Primary school | 16.1 | 83.9 | < 0.001 |
| High school | 13.6 | 86.4 | ||
| University | 12.3 | 87.7 | ||
| Physical activity | No | 14.8 | 85.2 | 0.373 |
| Yes | 16.3 | 83.7 | ||
| Psychological distress | No | 14.9 | 85.1 | 0.003 |
| Yes | 27.2 | 72.8 | ||
| Recurrent headache | No | 14.7 | 85.3 | 0.009 |
| Yes | 22 | 78 | ||
| Past GI disease history | No | 13.3 | 86.7 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 22.3 | 77.7 | ||
| Thin | 10.5 | 89.5 | ||
| Body mass index | Normal | 15.7 | 84.3 | 0.065 |
| Overweight | 13.4 | 86.6 | ||
| Obese | 18.8 | 81.2 | ||
| Age (mean) (yr) | 50.25 | 49.83 | 0.547 | |
GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.