Comparison 3.
Multiple Doppler ultrasound assessments versus no Doppler ultrasound
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Any perinatal death after randomisation | 3 | 7292 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.55, 1.80] |
| 1.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.79 [0.21, 2.93] |
| 1.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 2 | 5276 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.47, 2.38] |
| 2 Serious neonatal morbidity | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.06, 15.75] |
| 2.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.06, 15.75] |
| 2.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 3 Stillbirth | 2 | 5276 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.41 [0.44, 4.46] |
| 3.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 3.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 2 | 5276 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.41 [0.44, 4.46] |
| 4 Neonatal death | 2 | 5276 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.44 [0.04, 54.93] |
| 4.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 4.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 2 | 5276 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.44 [0.04, 54.93] |
| 5 Potentially preventable perinatal death | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 3.95 [1.32, 11.77] |
| 5.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 5.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 3.95 [1.32, 11.77] |
| 6 Fetal acidosis | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 6.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 6.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 7 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes | 2 | 4491 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.48, 1.80] |
| 7.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.66 [0.27, 1.60] |
| 7.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.48 [0.53, 4.14] |
| 8 Caesarean section (elective and emergency) | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.74, 1.29] |
| 8.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 8.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.74, 1.29] |
| 9 Elective caesarean section | 2 | 4491 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.90 [0.70, 1.16] |
| 9.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.79 [0.49, 1.29] |
| 9.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.70, 1.28] |
| 10 Emergency caesarean section | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.17 [0.52, 2.59] |
| 10.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 10.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.17 [0.52, 2.59] |
| 11 Spontaneous vaginal birth | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.95, 1.06] |
| 11.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 11.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.95, 1.06] |
| 12 Operative vaginal birth | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 12.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 12.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 13 Induction of labour | 3 | 7292 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.93, 1.09] |
| 13.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.83, 1.21] |
| 13.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 2 | 5276 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.93, 1.10] |
| 14 Neonatal resuscitation | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.74, 1.52] |
| 14.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 14.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.74, 1.52] |
| 15 Infant intubation/ventilation | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 15.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 15.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 16 Neonatal seizures/fits | 0 | 0 | Odds Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 16.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Odds Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 16.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Odds Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 17 Preterm birth (before 37 weeks) | 3 | 8264 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.82, 1.15] |
| 17.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2986 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.88 [0.64, 1.21] |
| 17.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 2 | 5278 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.83, 1.24] |
| 18 Infant respiratory distress syndrome | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 18.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 18.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 19 Meconium aspiration | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 19.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 19.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 20 Neonatal admission to SCBU/NICU | 2 | 4491 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.71, 1.34] |
| 20.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.56, 1.52] |
| 20.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 1 | 2475 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.67, 1.53] |
| 21 Women’s views/satisfaction | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 21.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 21.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 22 Birthweight | 1 | 2016 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −27.0 [−74.23, 20.23] |
| 22.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −27.0 [−74.23, 20.23] |
| 22.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 23 Gestational age at birth | 1 | 2016 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.02 [−0.19, 0.15] |
| 23.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 2016 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.02 [−0.19, 0.15] |
| 23.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |