Comparison 2.
Single Doppler ultrasound assessment versus no Doppler ultrasound
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Any perinatal death after randomisation | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.33 [0.09, 1.23] |
| 1.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.33 [0.09, 1.23] |
| 1.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 2 Serious neonatal morbidity | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 2.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 2.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 3 Stillbirth | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.40 [0.08, 2.06] |
| 3.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.40 [0.08, 2.06] |
| 3.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 4 Neonatal death | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.03, 2.23] |
| 4.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.03, 2.23] |
| 4.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 5 Potentially preventable perinatal death | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [0.06, 1.37] |
| 5.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [0.06, 1.37] |
| 5.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 6 Fetal acidosis | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 6.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 6.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 7 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.38, 2.66] |
| 7.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.38, 2.66] |
| 7.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 8 Caesarean section (elective and emergency) | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.84, 1.16] |
| 8.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.84, 1.16] |
| 8.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 9 Elective caesarean section | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.84, 1.34] |
| 9.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.84, 1.34] |
| 9.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 10 Emergency caesarean section | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.71, 1.17] |
| 10.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.71, 1.17] |
| 10.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 11 Spontaneous vaginal birth | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.94, 1.02] |
| 11.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.94, 1.02] |
| 11.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 12 Operative vaginal birth | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.95, 1.26] |
| 12.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.95, 1.26] |
| 12.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 13 Induction of labour | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.14 [0.99, 1.33] |
| 13.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.14 [0.99, 1.33] |
| 13.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 14 Neonatal resuscitation | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.80, 1.27] |
| 14.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.80, 1.27] |
| 14.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 15 Infant intubation/ventilation | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 15.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 15.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 16 Neonatal seizures/fits | 0 | 0 | Odds Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 16.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Odds Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 16.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Odds Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 17 Preterm birth (before 37 weeks) | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.20 [0.86, 1.69] |
| 17.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.20 [0.86, 1.69] |
| 17.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 18 Infant respiratory distress syndrome | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 18.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 18.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 19 Meconium aspiration | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 19.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 19.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 20 Neonatal admission to SCBU/NICU | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 20.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 20.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 21 Women’s views/satisfaction | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 21.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 21.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 22 Birthweight | 1 | 3898 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −14.0 [−42.94, 14.94] |
| 22.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −14.0 [−42.94, 14.94] |
| 22.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |
| 23 Gestational age at birth | 1 | 3898 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.10 [−0.19, −0.01] |
| 23.1 Fetal/umbilical vessels only | 1 | 3898 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.10 [−0.19, −0.01] |
| 23.2 Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Not estimable |