O'Brien 1972.

Methods	Allocation: randomised, no further details. Blindness: open study. Duration: 20 months.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia, case notes contained clear evidence of a psychotic episode, no further details. N=100. Age: mean˜37 years. Sex: 39M, 61F. History: newly discharged from acute inpatient care; mean number of hospitalisations ˜ 2.9.
Interventions	1. Individual psychotherapy. N=50. 2. Group psychotherapy. N=50. All participants on medication at the start of the study.
Outcomes	Global impression: re‐hospitalisation, not improved, discharged, remaining in therapy. Unable to use ‐ Mental state: BPRS (no usable data), Zung Self Rating Scale (no data). Mental status: Mental Status Scale (no usable data). Social functioning: Social Effectiveness Scale (no usable data). Leaving the study early: no data.
Notes	Dropped 13 participants from analysis, but it was clear from which groups, so they were added back in in an effort to undertake an intention‐to‐treat analysis. No details of orientation or frequency of sessions.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear risk	Random, no further details.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	No further details.
Blinding? All outcomes	High risk	Open study.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	High risk	Study attrition not adequately reported.
Free of selective reporting?	Unclear risk	No details.
Free of other bias?	Unclear risk	No details.

BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 
 DCS: Discrimination Criteria for Schizophrenia 
 DSM II & III: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 
 ECT: electroconvulsive therapy 
 EIO: insight‐oriented psychotherapy 
 MHSS: Menninger Health Sickness Scale 
 RAS: reality‐adaptive supportive psychotherapy