Table 1.
Study and patient parameters for selected article entries
| ID | Year | Author | Journal | Tr | PET Tech | Acq Time | Blinded | Baseline | No ADT Use | Tx | BCR Def | PSA Roof | #Pt | PSA Mean | PSA SD | PSA Med | PSA Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2006 | Wachter et al [48] | J Clin Oncol | ACET | PET-CT | 15 min | - | - | - | M | - | - | 50 | 8.1 | - | - | .5-24.9 |
| 2 | 2013 | Buchegger et al [18] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | ACET | PET-CT | 5 min | YES | - | NToS | M | - | PSA≤3 for RP and PSA≤5 for RT | 23 | 2.34 | 1.62 | - | <5 |
| 3 | 2002 | Kotzerke et al [45] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | ACET | PET | 5 min | To results of other imaging studies | - | - | RP | - | - | 31 | 15.2 | 30.2 | 4.5 | .1-150.6 |
| 4 | 2003 | Oyama et al [46] | J Nucl Med | ACET | PET | - | To clinical information, aware of selection criteria | - | NToS | RP | DetectablePSA | - | 30 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 1.2 | .3-47.5 |
| 5 | 2006 | Sandblom et al [47] | Adult Urol | ACET | PET | 10 min | - | - | - | RP | 2xrise | - | 20 | - | - | 2 | .5-8.1 |
| 6 | 2007 | Albrecht et al [44] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | ACET | PET-CT | 2 min | - | - | - | RP | - | - | 15 | 1.17 | 1.52 | 0.39 | .08-4.8 |
| 7 | 2003 | Oyama et al [46] | J Nucl Med | ACET | PET | - | To clinical information, aware of selection criteria | - | NToS | RT | 3xrise | - | 16 | 5.8 | 3.3 | 6.15 | .5-11.5 |
| 8 | 2007 | Albrecht et al [44] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | ACET | PET-CT | 2 min | - | - | - | RT | RisePostNadir, confirmed at least once | - | 17 | 10.4 | - | 6 | 2.6-30.2 |
| 9 | 2003 | Picchio et al [55] | J Urol | CHOL | PET | 5 min | - | - | - | M | 3xrise | - | 100 | 6.57 | - | - | .14-171 |
| 10 | 2011 | Casamassima et al [67] | Tumori | CHOL | PET-CT | 5 min | - | - | - | M | nadir+2 | - | 71 | - | - | - | - |
| 11 | 2012 | Soyka et al [63] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 3-4 min | - | - | - | M | - | - | 156 | - | - | - | - |
| 12 | 2013 | Buchegger et al [18] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 0 min | YES | - | NToS | M | - | PSA≤3 for RP and PSA≤5 for RT | 23 | 2.34 | 1.62 | - | <5 |
| 13 | 2013 | Gacci et al [66] | Scand J Urol | CHOL | PET-CT | 4 min | To history of patient | - | - | M | >.2 (2+times, 3moInt) for RP and >.4 PostNadir (3+times) | - | 103 | 0.9 | 0.4 | - | - |
| 14 | 2013 | Rybalov et al [62] | World J Urol | CHOL | PET-CT | 5 min | To clinical data | - | 1 yr | M | 3xrisePostNadir | - | 185 | 18.45 | - | - | - |
| 15 | 2003 | de Jong et al [52] | Eur Urol | CHOL | PET | 5 min | To clinical data | - | 6 mo | RP | >.2 | - | 13 | 7.2 | 10.3 | 4.3 | .5-35.7 |
| 16 | 2005 | Yoshida et al [59] | Urol Int | CHOL | PET | 5 min | - | - | - | RP | >.6 | - | 5 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 1.3-8.5 |
| 17 | 2006 | Cimitan et al [51] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | <15 min | To other imaging results | - | NToS | RP | >.1 (2+times) | - | 58 | 5 | 7.3 | 1.6 | 2-38.2 |
| 18 | 2007 | Rinnab et al [56] | BJU Int | CHOL | PET-CT | 5-10 min | To clinical data and previous imaging | - | NToS | RP | >.2 | - | 34 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 1.94 | .41-33 |
| 19 | 2008 | Pelosi et al [54] | Radiol Med | CHOL | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | NToS | RP | DetectablePSA | - | 56 | 4.59 | 7.87 | - | .1-39 |
| 20 | 2009 | Castellucci et al [50] | J Nucl Med | CHOL | PET-CT | 5 min | - | - | some 3 mo, some NPT | RP | - | - | 190 | 4.2 | - | 2.1 | .2-25.4 |
| 21 | 2010 | Giovacchini et al [30] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 5 min | NO | - | - | RP | >.2 (2+times, 3 moInt) | - | 170 | 3.24 | 6.11 | 1.25 | .23-48.6 |
| 22 | 2010 | Giovacchini et al [53] | J Urol | CHOL | PET-CT | 5 min | - | CIM- | NPT | RP | >.2 (2+times, 3 moInt) | - | 109 | 1.31 | 1.91 | 0.81 | .22-16.76 |
| 23 | 2011 | Wurschmidt et al [64] | Radiat Oncol | CHOL | PET-CT | 60-90 min | - | - | - | RP | - | - | 16 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.47 | .42-4.8 |
| 24 | 2012 | Graute et al [68] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 60 min | NO | - | AVG 14.5 mo | RP | - | - | 82 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 2.4 | .03-36 |
| 25 | 2012 | Schillaci et al [57] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 45 min | To clinical data and previous imaging | - | 1 yr | RP | DetectablePSA | - | 49 | 4.1 | 4.6 | - | .09-15.51 |
| 26 | 2012 | Takesh et al [58] | ISRN Oncol | CHOL | PET-CT | 10 min | NO | - | - | RP | - | - | 25 | 4.7 | 6 | 1.9 | .3-21 |
| 27 | 2013 | Hausmann et al [65] | Clin Nucl Med | CHOL | PET-CT | 60 min | YES | - | - | RP | >.04 | - | 32 | - | - | - | - |
| 28 | 2013 | Nanni et al [20] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 3 min | - | - | NToS | RP | 3xrise, nadir+2 PostRT, >.3 PostRP | - | 15 | 2.1 | 2 | - | .2-8.48 |
| 29 | 2013 | Nanni et al [19] | Clin Genitourin Canc | CHOL | PET-CT | 3 min | - | - | 6 mo | RP | >.2 | - | 28 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 1.5 | .2-14.6 |
| 30 | 2013b | Afshar-Oromieh et al [81] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | - | RP | - | - | 28 | 7.3 | 18.7 | 2.7 | .01-100.5 |
| 31 | 2003 | de Jong et al [52] | Eur Urol | CHOL | PET | 5 min | To clinical data | - | 6 mo | RT | 3xrisePostNadir | - | 9 | 37.2 | 43.5 | 22.8 | 2.3-120 |
| 32 | 2005 | Yoshida et al [59] | Urol Int | CHOL | PET | 5 min | - | - | - | RT | 3xrisePostNadir | - | 3 | 7.5 | 4.2 | 8.7 | 2.9-11 |
| 33 | 2006 | Cimitan et al [51] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | <15 min | To other imaging results | - | NToS | RT | >.1 (2+times) | - | 21 | 31.1 | 59.2 | 5.33 | .35-211.3 |
| 34 | 2007 | Rinnab et al [56] | BJU Int | CHOL | PET-CT | 5-10 min | To clinical data and previous imaging | - | NToS | RT | 3xrisePostNadir | - | 9 | 5.3 | 4 | 3.4 | 1-13.1 |
| 35 | 2010 | Breeuwsma et al [49] | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | CHOL | PET | 5 min | To clinical data | - | 1 yr | RT | 3xrisePostNadir | - | 70 | 23.2 | - | 10.7 | .6-54.7 |
| 36 | 2011 | Wurschmidt et al [64] | Radiat Oncol | CHOL | PET-CT | 60-90 min | - | - | - | RT | - | - | 3 | 6.5, 1.3, n.a (1) | - | - | - |
| 37 | 2012 | Takesh et al [58] | ISRN Oncol | CHOL | PET-CT | 10 min | NO | - | - | RT | - | - | 4 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.6 | .3-4.5 |
| 38 | 2013b | Afshar-Oromieh et al [81] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | CHOL | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | - | RT | - | - | 9 | 23.1 | 35.9 | 11.2 | 2.6-116 |
| 39 | 2011 | Schuster et al [61] | Radiol | FACBC | PET-CT | 3 min | NO | BS- | - | RP | 3xrise, nadir+2 PostRT, >.3 PostRP | - | 9 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 1.14 | .11-16.9 |
| 40 | 2013 | Nanni et al [20] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | FACBC | PET-CT | 3 min | - | - | NToS | RP | 3xrise, nadir+2 PostRT, >.3 PostRP | - | 15 | 2.1 | 2 | - | .2-8.48 |
| 41 | 2013 | Nanni et al [19] | Clin Genitourin Canc | FACBC | PET-CT | 3min | - | - | 6mo | RP | >.2 | - | 28 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 1.5 | .2-14.6 |
| 42 | 2011 | Savir-Baruch et al [60] | Mol Imaging Biol | FACBC | PET-CT | - | - | BS- | 6 mo | RT | 3xrisePostNadir | - | 5 | - | - | - | 1.1-20.5 |
| 43 | 2011 | Schuster et al [61] | Radiol | FACBC | PET-CT | 3 min | NO | BS- | - | RT | 3xrise, nadir+2 PostRT, >.3 PostRP | - | 36 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 5 | .4-44.7 |
| 44 | 2003 | Chang et al [69] | Urol Int | FDG | PET | 30-45 min | To available data | - | NPT | M | >4 | - | 24 | 11.4 | 3.7 | 10.9 | 5.2-18.9 |
| 45 | 2003 | Jadvar et al [16] | Oncol Rep | FDG | PET | 45-60 min | NO | - | - | M | - | - | 12 | - | - | - | 5-206 |
| 46 | 2003 | Picchio et al [55] | J Urol | FDG | PET | 60 min | - | - | - | M | 3xrise | - | 100 | 6.57 | - | - | .14-171 |
| 47 | 2003 | Oyama et al [46] | J Nucl Med | FDG | PET | - | To clinical information, aware of selection criteria | - | NToS | RP | DetectablePSA | - | 30 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 1.2 | .3-47.5 |
| 48 | 2005 | Schoder et al [15] | Clin Cancer Res | FDG | PET | 45-60 min | - | CIM- | NPT* | RP | >.1 in 3x, >2 wksapart | - | 91 | 4.6 | 8.3 | - | .12-49.3 |
| 49 | 2003 | Oyama et al [46] | J Nucl Med | FDG | PET | - | To clinical information, aware of selection criteria | - | NToS | RT | 3xrise | - | 16 | 5.8 | 3.3 | 6.15 | .5-11.5 |
| 50 | 2013a | Afshar-Oromieh et al [70] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | PSMA | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | - | RP | - | - | 16 | 7.1 | 17.8 | 2.3 | .51-73.6 |
| 51 | 2013b | Afshar-Oromieh et al [71] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | PSMA | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | - | RP | - | - | 28 | 7.3 | 18.7 | 2.7 | .01-100.5 |
| 52 | 2013a | Afshar-Oromieh et al [70] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | PSMA | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | - | RT | - | - | 3 | 26.2 | 32.4 | 11.6 | 3.75-63.3 |
| 53 | 2013b | Afshar-Oromieh et al [71] | Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging | PSMA | PET-CT | 60 min | - | - | - | RT | - | - | 9 | 23.1 | 35.9 | 11.2 | 2.6-116 |
The articles are ordered by the following sequence: 1) tracer used in study, 2) primary treatment, 3) year of publication, and 4) the first author’s last name. *Note that not all the articles are distinct since we have separated the entries based on the primary treatment and the tracer studied, when applicable. Usually a study will examine a maximum of 2 tracers and 2 treatment groups (RP or RT), meaning that there can be a maximum of 4 entries for any one article. ID=article entry identifier; Year=year of publication; Author=first author’s last name in article entry; Journal=journal of the publication of article entry; Tr=radiotracer investigated in the article entries (CHOL=11C- or 18F-Choline; ACET=11C-Acetate; FACBC=anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid; FDG=18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; PSMA=tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen); Acq Time=time PET scan was initiated post-injection; PET Tech=the imaging technique used by study (either PET or PET-CT); Blinded=how the readers were blinded, if at all, during the interpretation of PET scan (YES=readers were blinded but to which information was not clearly stated, NO=readers were not blinded to clinical and/or other imaging data); Baseline=any baseline conventional imaging done in the selecting patients for study (CIM-=negative for disease on some conventional imaging technique, lesion type not specified; BS-=negative for bone disease on bone scan); No ADT Use=whether the articles clearly indicated no ADT use in study, the minimum amount of time of no ADT use is indicated when applicable (NToS=no ADT use at the time of PET scan, NPT=no other treatment given besides RP or RT, NPT*=no other treatment given in the time between primary treatment and PET scan); Tx=primary treatment patient group received (RP=radical prostatectomy, RT=radiation therapy, M=RP or RT, cannot parse out these two groups in study); BCR Def=definition for biochemical recurrence (DetectablePSA=non-zero PSA, 2xrise=rise in PSA on two measurements, 3xrise=rise in PSA on three measurements, RisePostNadir=PSA rise after reaching nadir, nadir+2=PSA rises by at least 2 after reaching nadir, 2+times=PSA measured at least 2 times, 3moInt=PSA levels measured at three-month intervals, 3xrisePostNadir=rise in PSA on three measurements after reaching nadir, 3x, >2wksapart=PSA measurement taken three times at intervals of more than two weeks); PSA roof=the upper bound in PSA value at the time of scan authors may place in the patient selection process; #Pt=total number of patients in the study; SD=standard deviation; -=information is not available or not clearly reported in the study. Article Entries Belonging to Same Study: 33,34; 36,37,38,39; 42,43; 12,13; 14,15; 19,20; 21,22; 23,24; 4,5; 9,10; 29,30; 31,32; 51,52; 44,45; 46,47,48,49.