MALDI-MS profile of sialic acid glycans after carbodiimide coupling using GIG. (A). Sialic acids without modification, showing loss of sialic acids (2029.1 Da and 2322.2 Da); (B). Sialic acids after modification, showing complete labeling. Symbol: solid blue square, N-acetylglucosamine; green circle, mannose; yellow circle, galactose; purple diamond, N-acetylneuraminic acid.