Leibovici 2013.

Study characteristics
Methods	Cluster RCT
Participants	Internal medicine wards, academic medical center, Israel (Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus) 1683 patients, 15 wards
Interventions	CDSS guiding empirical antibiotic treatment of inpatients with moderate to severe bacterial infections using patient‐specific clinical data. It applies a cost‐benefit model to rank antibiotic treatments according to their net benefit and offers advice (including no treatment).
Outcomes	Clinical endpoint (180‐day survival)
Co‐Interventions	Educational: None Beyond Clinician Education: None
CDSS Features ‐ Acknowledgement of CDSS Required	Not reported
CDSS Features ‐ Other	Conveyed patient‐specific information, developed by study investigators, included supporting information on‐screen, makes care recommendation, targeted overuse
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	N/A
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk
Baseline characteristics similar?	Low risk
Unit of analysis error	Low risk