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. 2014 Sep 23;5:1071. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01071

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Copyright © 2014 Libertus and Landa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Example of training procedures. Active training (AT) – Infants wear “sticky mittens” allowing them to independently pick-up Velcro-covered toys. Passive training (PT) – Infants wear mittens without Velcro, parents lift and touch toy to infant’s palm. Encouragement experience (EE) – Parent draws attention to a small toy within reach of the infant, but does not help infant grasp toy. Movement experience (ME) – Parent engages infant but does not talk about or draw attention to toy, parent attached toy to infant’s hand without drawing attention to toy. Figure adapted from Libertus and Needham (2010, 2014).