FIGURE 1.

DNA damage response and chromatin remodeling activity in plants. Detection of DNA damage by the sensors- MRN complex, followed by the subsequent transduction of signals carried out by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATR and Rad3-related (ATR) through phosphorylation of various target proteins including Histone H2AX, Chk1, Chk2, resulting in the activation of DNA repair, cell-cycle checkpoint function, programmed cell death via SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a plant-specific transcription factor plays key role in DNA damage signaling. DNA damage also results in the change in chromatin structure, activation of remodeling activities and alteration of heterochromatin mediated by the activity of CAF-1, FAS1 and -2, and SMC proteins. Thick arrows indicate a major role, while thin arrows indicate small effects.