Table 1.
Questionnaire of TPB for each component
| TPBs component | Question | Scoring scale |
|---|---|---|
| Attitude | Direct measurement | +1 (not very good) to +5 (very good) |
| For me, exercise is… | +1 (not very beneficial) to +5 (very beneficial) | |
| +1 (unhealthiest) to +5 (healthiest) | ||
| +1 (very tired) to +5 (very refreshing) | ||
| +1 (very unhappy) to +5 (very happy) | ||
| Indirect measurement (specific factor) | ||
| Pain after exercise | ||
| Want to be healthier | ||
| Fatigue after exercise | First unipolar scale +1 (disagree) to +5 (agree) | |
| Not motivated to exercise | Second bipolar scale −2 (disagree) to +2 (agree) | |
| Subjective norms | Direct measurement | |
| People close to me think, and hope, I should participate in regular exercise | All measured in 5 unipolar scale, +1 (disagree) to +5 (agree) | |
| My friends think that they should influence me to perform exercise | ||
| My surroundings influence me to practice exercise | ||
| Indirect measurement (specific factor) | ||
| Friend perception | ||
| Family support | ||
| Exercise with friends/accompanying person | First unipolar scale +1 (disagree) to +5 (agree) | |
| Second bipolar scale −2 (disagree) to +2 (agree) | ||
| Perceived behavioral control | Direct measurement | |
| For me, practicing exercise is easy | All measured in 5 unipolar scale, +1 (disagree) to +5 (agree) | |
| For me, the decision to exercise is my own decision | ||
| I am confident that I can perform regular exercise | ||
| Indirect measurement (specific factor) | ||
| Health status | ||
| Exercise knowledge | ||
| Occupied taking care of grandchildren | First unipolar scale +1 (disagree) to +5 (agree) | |
| Misconception of sedentary daily activity as exercise | Second bipolar scale −2 (disagree) to +2 (agree) | |
| Intention | Direct measurement | |
| I will start exercising regularly by next week | All measured in 5 unipolar scale, +1 (disagree) to +5 (agree) | |
| I will exercise for myself | ||
Abbreviation: TPB, theory of planned behavior.