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. 2014 Sep 8;143(2):258–268. doi: 10.1111/imm.12306

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) by heat-killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP-K), live Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP-L) and bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) -stimulated macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with MIP-K, MIP-L and BCG and culture supernatants were analysed by ELISA. Higher levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) and IL-6 production was observed in response to MIP-L. MIP-K led to moderate level of these cytokines (a–c). High level of NO was also observed in MIP-L and MIP-K-stimulated macrophages compared with BCG, but difference was not significant. (d). RAW 264.7 macrophages were also stimulated with MIP-K, MIP-L and BCG, and a high level of TNF-α was produced in response to MIP-L. A moderate level of TNF-α was produced by MIP-K-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (e). Time-kinetics of RAW 264.7 macrophage response to MIP-K, MIP-L and BCC was studied and at all time-points, higher levels of TNF-α production were observed in response to MIP-L followed by MIP-K (f). Data shown are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001 and ns, not significant.