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. 2014 Sep 8;143(2):258–268. doi: 10.1111/imm.12306

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in macrophage activation by heat-killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP-K), live Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP-L) and bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with 1·5 μg/ml Cli095 (TLR4 inhibitor), 80 μg/ml OxPAPC (TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor) or 20 μm chloroquine (intracellular TLR inhibitor) for 60 min. MIP-K, MIP-L and BCG were subsequently added at multiplicities of infection of 10 and culture supernatants were analysed for tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after 24 hr. Diminished levels of TNF-α production by MIP-K, MIP-L and BCG stimulated macropahges were observed in the presence of Cli095 (a). Decreased TNF-α production by MIP-L-stimulated macrophages was also observed in the presence of chloroquine (b). Dramatic reduction in TNF-α production by MIP-K, MIP-L and BCG-stimulated macrophages was observed in the presence of OxPAPC (c). Pam-Pam3CSK4, LPS-lipopolysachharide, CpG-CpG DNA were used as positive controls. Data shown are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ***P < 0·001 and ns, not significant.