Figure 2.

EGTA and BAPTA blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PMA-induced transient [Ca²⁺]_i increase, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production. (a, b) the effect of LPS and PMA on the change of [Ca²⁺]_i was analysed in EGTA- or BAPTA-pre-treated rat peritoneal macrophage. The arbitrary zero of F340/F380 ratio indicated the time-point when LPS or PMA was added. (c, d) the effect of LPS or PMA on the expression or phosphorylation of CaM, CaMKII, CaMKIV, CREB and COX-2 was also detected by immunoblotting in EGTA- or BAPTA-pre-treated macrophages. (e, f) COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE₂ production were also measured in these macrophages.