Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of obese adolescents based on race
| African American |
Caucasian American |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean ± s.d. (n = 53) |
Mean ± s.d. (n = 27) |
P |
| Age at test (year) | 14.3 ± 2.3 | 14.8 ± 2.3 | 0.29 |
| Weight (kg) | 101.8 ± 41.0 | 100.3 ± 47.5 | 0.88 |
| Height (cm) | 103.2 ± 71.9 | 112.6 ± 71.0 | 0.58 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 43.5 ± 9.6 | 41.9 ± 7.8 | 0.46 |
| Heart rate | 78.8 ± 10.0 | 80.5 ± 14.6 | 0.53 |
| SBP | 117.6 ± 14.7 | 118.5 ± 14.9 | 0.80 |
| DBP | 65.8 ± 8.7 | 66.7 ± 9.4 | 0.67 |
| A1C (%) | 5.5 ± 0.4a | 5.3 ± 0.3e | 0.03 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 86.7 ± 7.8c | 85.7 ± 8.4 | 0.60 |
| Fasting insulin (µU/ml) | 34.2 ± 14.4 | 33.4 ± 18.7 | 0.85 |
| 2-h insulin (µU/ml) | 136.9 ± 93.0 | 146.9 ± 135.2d | 0.70 |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dl) | 101.45 ± 23.32b | 97.4 ± 16.1d | 0.43 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 35.5 ± 14.9g | 27.8 ± 13.7 | 0.03 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dl) | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 0.14 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/ml) | 14.0 ± 6.6 | 28.4 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 161.9 ± 24.7b | 162.9 ± 24.5d | 0.87 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 43.0 ± 8.8c | 41.9 ± 8.5d | 0.61 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 101.5 ± 26.2c | 101.2 ± 27.7d | 0.95 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 80.1 ± 36.8b | 129.4 ± 56.6d | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 1.0 ± 0.6d | 0.7 ± 0.5f | 0.15 |
| ALT (u/l) | 22.0 ± 8.4h | 22.0 ± 7.8d | 0.90 |
| AST (u/l) | 28.2 ± 8.2c | 26.4 ± 5.9d | 0.40 |
| ALP (u/l) | 134.8 ± 65.4h | 124.9 ± 56.9d | 0.51 |
| HOMAIR | 7.4 ± 3.4g | 7.2 ± 4.4 | 0.82 |
| WBISI (Matsuda Index) | 1.7 ± 0.9g | 1.9 ± 1.2d | 0.48 |
| Inc insulin AUC (µU/ml × 120 min) |
15,965 ± 8,858g | 18,271 ± 10,527e | 0.32 |
| Inc glucose AUC (mg/dl × 120 min) |
3,318 ± 2,785 | 3,996 ± 2,274d | 0.28 |
| Hepatic IR | 1.3 × 107 ± 6.1 × 106g |
1.3 × 107 ± 7.4 × 106d |
0.65 |
| Muscle Si | 0.3 ± 0.3a | 0.5 ± 0.3e | 0.008 |
Values indicated in boldface are signifcantly different (P < 0.05).
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; A1C, hemoglobin A1C; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUC, area under the curve; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hepatic Si, hepatic insulin sensitivity index; HOMAIR, homeo-static model assessment of basal insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; hepatic IR, hepatic insulin resistance; muscle Si, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity index; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WBISI, whole body insulin sensitivity index.
n = 48,
n = 51,
n = 50,
n = 26,
n = 25,
n = 13,
n = 52,
n = 49.