Reduction of GVHD severity by post-transplantation infusion of MSCs and Tregs. (A) Lethally irradiated (800 cGy) BALB/c (H-2d) mice received 5×106 whole BM cells and 5×106 spleen cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) donors on day 0. On days+1 and +10, mice in the untreated group (●, 1×106, n=6), the MSC group (○, 1×106, n=6), the Treg group (▼, 1×106, n=6), and the group co-infused with MSCs and Tregs (◊, 1×106, n=6) received transplants. (B) All animals were monitored for clinical signs and (C) mean serial weight measurements. (D) Histological GVHD scores at 2 weeks after transplantation were evaluated in skin, intestine, and liver tissues. (E) The splenocytes were stained with anti-CD4 antibody followed by intracellular Foxp3 and IL-17 antibodies and examined by flow cytometry. Treg/Th17 ratio in spleen. Data are shown as the mean±SEM; results are representative of three independent experiments. *P<0.05; **P<0.01.