Table 1.
Amnestic MCI (n = 115) |
Mixed MCI (n = 148) |
Cluster-Derived
Normal (n = 185) |
NC (n = 157) | F or X2 | Sig. | Effect size |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographicsa | |||||||
Age (years) | 72.6 (7.7) | 74.7 (7.0) | 69.0 (6.8) | 72.9 (5.7) | F = 21.27 | p < .001e, f, g | = .10 |
Education (years) | 16.1 (2.6) | 15.7 (2.8) | 16.6 (2.5) | 16.5 (2.6) | F = 4.37 | p = .005f,j | = .02 |
Gender (% male) | 59.1% | 54.7% | 53.0% | 49.0% | X2 = 2.83 | p > .05 | φc = .07 |
GDS Total Score | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.4) | 0.6 (1.1) | F = 25.11 | p < .001g,i,j | = .11 |
Diagnostic measures (raw)a | |||||||
MMSE | 27.8 (1.8) | 27.5 (1.9) | 28.7 (1.3) | 29.0 (1.2) | F = 29.12 | p < .001e,f,i,j | = .13 |
LM II (Story A) Recall | 6.5 (3.2) | 6.2 (3.4) | 8.6 (2.3) | 13.6 (3.0) | F = 200.19 | p < .001 e,f,g,i,j | = .50 |
Neuropsychological battery (raw)a | |||||||
Animal Fluency | 17.5 (4.4) | 14.8 (4.1) | 21.2 (4.4) | 21.7 (5.2) | F = 66.48 | p < .001e,f,h,i,j | = .25 |
BNT | 27.8 (1.5) | 23.9 (4.1) | 28.6 (1.4) | 28.3 (1.9) | F = 108.30 | p <.00lf,h,j | = .35 |
TMT, Part A (sec) | 36.2 (10.5) | 51.3 (20.0) | 30.2 (8.3) | 33.2 (10.6) | F = 66.73 | p < .001 e,f,h,i,j | = .25 |
TMT, Part B (sec) | 102.3 (39.82) | 146.9 (72.9) | 75.6 (23.5) | 80.0 (40.5) | F = 59.36 | p < .001e,f,h,i,j | = .23 |
AVLT Recall | 1.7 (1.8) | 3.9 (3.7) | 7.4 (3.9) | 7.9 (3.9) | F = 87.09 | p < .001 e,f,h,i,j | = .30 |
AVLT Recognition | 8.4 (2.2) | 11.1 (3.2) | 13.4 (1.4) | 12.8 (2.3) | F = 119.01 | p < .001e,f,h,i,j | = .37 |
CSF biomarkersb,c | |||||||
High p-tau181p | 29/63 (46.0%) | 52/89 (58.4%) | 39/117 (33.3%) | 35/92 (38.0%) | X2 = 14.27 | p = .003f,j | φc = .20 |
Low Aβ1-42 | 33/63 (52.4%) | 50/89 (56.2%) | 36/117 (30.8%) | 33/92 (35.9%) | X2 = 17.60 | p = .001e,f,j | φc = .22 |
High p-tau181p/Aβ1-42 | 32/63 (50.8%) | 53/89 (59.6%) | 45/117 (38.5%) | 37/92 (40.2%) | X2 = 11.06 | p = .01e,f,g,h,i,j | φc = .18 |
Clinical outcomeb,d | |||||||
Progression to dementia 13/107 (12.1%) | 26/130 (20.0%) | 4/170 (2.4%) | – | X2 = 31.07 | p < .001 f | φc = .20 | |
Reversion to normal | 1/107 (0.9%) | 3/130 (2.3%) | 12/170 (7.1%) | – |
Note: GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam; LM = Logical Memory; BNT = Boston Naming Test; TMT = Trail Making Test; AVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; p-tau181p = hyperphosphorylated tau; Aβ1-42 = beta-amyloid; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; NC = Normal Control.
Data are summarized as mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise indicated.
Data are summarized as raw number of participants (% of participants).
Number of participants with CSF data: Amnestic: n = 63, Mixed: n = 89, Cluster-Derived Normal: n = 117, NC: n = 92.
Number of participants with longitudinal data: Amnestic: n = 107, Mixed: n = 130, Cluster-Derived Normal: n = 170; the NC group was not included in this analysis since participants were selected on the basis of remaining normal (did not progress/revert).
Cluster-Derived Normal group differed significantly from the Amnestic group.
Cluster-Derived Normal group differed significantly from the Mixed group.
Cluster-Derived Normal group differed significantly from the NC group.
Amnestic group differed significantly from the Mixed group.
Amnestic group differed significantly from the NC group.
Mixed group differed significantly from the NC group.