Table 2.

Impact of Part D Coverage Restrictions for Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, and Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Nursing Home Resident Outcomes, 2006–2008

	OUTCOME MEASURES
CLASS	Depression Rating Scale (p-value) [CI]	Hallucinations or Delusions Odds Ratio (p-value) [CI]	Aggressive Behavior Scale (p-value) [CI]	Cognitive Performance Scale (p-value) [CI]	Activities of Daily Living Limitations (p-value) [CI]
Antidepressants (n= 70,662)	0.02 (0.24) [−0.01–0.04]	1.08 (0.21) [0.96–1.22]	0.00 (0.90) [−0.02–0.03]	−0.00 (0.76) [−0.02–0.02]	0.01 (0.81) [−0.09–0.11]
Antipsychotics (n= 43,578)	−0.02 (0.19) [−0.05–0.01]	1.00 (0.96) [0.90–1.12]	0.00 (0.94) [−0.03–0.03]	0.00 (0.88) [−0.02–0.02]	−0.02 (0.60) [−0.13–0.10]
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (n= 38,199)	−0.04 (0.02) [−0.07–0.00]	0.94 (0.36) [0.82–1.07]	−0.01 (0.70) [−0.04–0.03]	0.01 (0.25) [−0.01–0.03]	0.10 (0.12) [−0.02–0.22]

Note: Regression coefficients denote the impact of PDP coverage restrictions on the measures of interest, comparing residents randomized to PDPs with coverage restrictions to those who were randomized to plans with no such restrictions. We use linear regression for the MDS scales of interest (for depression, aggressive behavior, cognitive performance, and ADLs) and present results based on mean resident scores during the calendar year. We use logistic regression for the presence of hallucinations or delusions at any point over the same time period and present odds ratios of the likelihood of event occurrence. All models adjust for age, gender, race, geographic region, the drug a resident was taking before randomization, year, and a baseline measure of the outcome of interest. After correcting for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction, the one statistically significant result was no longer significant, as the threshold for significance at the 0.05 level was 0.0033.