During encoding, participants rated images according to their emotional valence (using three buttons for negative, neutral, and positive). Each image was presented for 2500ms with a 500ms inter-stimulus-interval (ISI). After a 5-minute delay, participants underwent a surprise recognition test where they viewed negative, neutral, and positive targets (exact repetitions), foils (new items), and lures (similar items) and were asked to indicate whether items were “old” or “new”.