Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 232 women in Environment and Reproductive Health Study by quartile of total folate (in DFE) and supplemental folate intake.
| Total Cohort | Total Folate (in DFE) | Supplemental Folate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile (Range of Intake, μg/day) | Q1 (<1262) | Q4 (>2352) | Q1 (<400) | Q4 (>800) | |
| N | 232 | 58 | 58 | 51 | 60 |
| Personal Characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 35.2 (4.5) | 33.8 (6.0) | 35.0 (4.2)* | 33.7 (6.2) | 35.3 (4.1) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 (4.2) | 24.0 (3.8) | 24.4 (4.3) | 24.2 (4.1) | 24.7 (4.4) |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 66 (28.5) | 17 (29.3) | 18 (31.0) | 14 (27.5) | 19 (31.7) |
| White/Caucasian, n (%) | 187 (80.6) | 45 (77.6) | 48 (82.8) | 40 (78.4) | 51 (85.0) |
| Baseline Reproductive Characteristics | |||||
| Infertility diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| Female factor | 65 (28.0) | 13 (22.4) | 24 (41.4) | 12 (23.5) | 24 (40.0) |
| Ovulation Disorders | 20 (8.6) | 1 (1.7) | 9 (15.5) | 1 (2.0) | 9 (15.0) |
| Diminished Ovarian Reserve | 17 (7.3) | 1 (1.7) | 8 (13.8) | 1 (2.0) | 8 (13.3) |
| Tubal | 17 (7.3) | 7 (12.1) | 4 (6.9) | 6 (11.8) | 4 (6.7) |
| Endometriosis | 9 (3.9) | 2 (3.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (5.0) |
| Uterine | 2 (0.9) | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Male factor | 82 (35.3) | 24 (41.4) | 17 (29.3) | 22 (43.1) | 17 (28.33) |
| Unexplained | 85 (36.6) | 21 (36.2) | 17 (29.3) | 17 (33.3) | 19 (31.7) |
| Treatment protocol, n (%) | |||||
| Antagonist | 23 (9.9) | 5 (8.6) | 5 (8.6) | 6 (11.8) | 6 (10.0) |
| Flare | 28 (12.1) | 7 (12.1) | 8 (13.8) | 6 (11.8) | 8 (13.3) |
| Luteal phase agonist | 181 (78.0) | 46 (79.3) | 45 (77.6) | 39 (76.5) | 46 (76.7) |
| Day 3 FSH, IU/L | 7.0 (2.0) | 7.0 (1.9) | 7.0 (2.3) | 6.9 (1.6) | 6.9 (2.4) |
| Embryo Transfer Day, n (%) | |||||
| No embryos transferred | 21 (9.1) | 12 (20.7) | 1 (1.7)* | 10 (19.6) | 2 (3.3) |
| Day 2 | 11 (4.7) | 2 (3.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (5.0) |
| Day 3 | 111 (47.8) | 22 (37.9) | 24 (41.4) | 20 (39.2) | 27 (45.0) |
| Day 5 | 72 (31.0) | 19 (32.8) | 25 (43.1) | 16 (31.4) | 23 (38.3) |
| Egg Donor or Cryo Cycle | 17 (7.3) | 3 (5.2) | 5 (8.6) | 2 (3.9) | 5 (8.3) |
| Number of Embryos Transferred, n (%) | |||||
| No embryos transferred | 21 (9.1) | 12 (20.7) | 1 (1.7)* | 10 (19.6) | 2 (3.3) |
| 1 embryo | 25 (10.8) | 3 (5.2) | 5 (8.6) | 2 (3.9) | 4 (6.7) |
| 2 embryos | 133 (57.3) | 38 (65.5) | 34 (58.6) | 33 (64.7) | 35 (58.3) |
| 3+ embryos | 36 (15.5) | 2 (3.4) | 13 (22.4) | 4 (7.8) | 14 (23.0) |
| Egg Donor or Cryo Cycle | 17 (7.3) | 3 (5.2) | 5 (8.6) | 2 (3.9) | 5 (8.3) |
| Dietary Characteristics | |||||
| Total Calories, kcal/day | 1815 (583) | 1762 (489) | 1766 (635) | 1750 (525) | 1760 (577) |
| Carbohydrates, % of kcal/day | 49.8 (7.6) | 47.4 (9.2) | 50.3 (7.7)* | 49.2 (8.9) | 49.7 (7.2) |
| Protein, % of kcal/day | 16.5 (2.6) | 16.7 (2.9) | 16.9 (2.7) | 16.7 (2.9) | 17.0 (2.8) |
| Fat, % of kcal/day | 32.5 (2.6) | 33.8 (7.4) | 32.3 (5.3)* | 32.4 (7.5) | 32.8 (4.9) |
| MUFA, % of kcal/day | 13.0 (3.6) | 13.8 (4.6) | 12.4 (2.6) | 13.4 (4.8) | 12.6 (2.4) |
| PUFA, % of kcal/day | 6.3 (1.8) | 6.3 (1.7) | 6.2 (2.0) | 6.0 (1.7) | 6.4 (2.0) |
| SFA, % of kcal/day | 10.5 (2.5) | 10.8 (2.7) | 10.9 (2.6)* | 10.3 (2.9) | 10.9 (2.4) |
| Multivitamin User, n (%) | 204 (89.1) | 41 (70.7) | 57 (100)* | 34 (66.7) | 59 (100)* |
| Folic Acid Supplement User, n (%) | 38 (16.4) | 4 (6.9) | 9 (15.5) | 4 (7.8) | 11 (18.3) |
| Alcohol, g/day | 8.8 (11.1) | 10.9 (15.4) | 6.8 (6.6) | 9.5 (13.3) | 7.4 (7.3) |
| Caffeine, mg/day | 119.4 (107.3) | 118.9 (113.0) | 121.0 (119.6) | 123.5 (117.0) | 126.4 (116.4) |
| Male Folate Intake, μg/day | 672.8 (313.5) | 628.7 (275.6) | 800.4 (445.6) | 613.0 (273.5) | 767.8 (446.0) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DFE, dietary folate equivalents; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; Q1, quartile 1; Q4, quartile 4.
Data are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.
*
Indicates a p-value < 0.05 across all quartiles.