Table 3.
Estimates of activity specific models regression models
| Independent variables | Swimming | Workout | Walking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef a . | ME /Elas’ty b | Coef a . | ME /Elas’ty b | Coef a . | ME /Elas’ty b | |
| Prices | ||||||
| Membership fees (monthly price) | 0.002*** | 0.334 | ||||
| Joining fees (monthly price) | −0.007* | −0.052 | −0.016** | −0.083 | ||
| Entrance charges (monthly price) | 1.724** | 2.840 | ||||
| Entrance charges (occasion price) | −1.714** | −2.864 | −0.180*** | −0.285 | ||
| Purchase/hiring of equipment (monthly price) | 0.022* | 0.024 | 0.004** | 0.081 | ||
| Accommodation charges (monthly price) | 0.001*** | 0.021 | ||||
| Food/drinks (occasion price) | 0.047** | 0.062 | ||||
| Classes fees (occasion price) | −0.044** | −0.059 | ||||
| Repairs of equipment/apparel (monthly price) | −0.088** | −0.080 | ||||
| Nutritional supplements (occasion price) | 0.203* | 0.035 | ||||
| Family member/child care (monthly price) | 0.203* | 0.024 | ||||
| Classes fees (monthly price) | 0.008* | 0.305 | ||||
| Walking parks (occasion price) | −0.759** | −0.190 | ||||
| Travel time price | −0.005*** | −0.543 | −0.003** | −0.361 | ||
| Control variables | ||||||
| Age (in years) | ||||||
| 17-24 (omitted category) | ||||||
| 25-34 | −0.206* | −1.751 | ||||
| 35-44 | −0.181* | −1.581 | ||||
| 45-54 | −0.159 | −1.385 | ||||
| 55-64 | −0.075 | −0.673 | ||||
| 65-74 | −0.079 | −0.698 | ||||
| 75+ | 0.316** | 3.365 | ||||
| Annual income (£) | ||||||
| >10,400 (omitted category) | ||||||
| 10,400 to less than 18,200 | −0.260** | −1.054 | ||||
| 18,200 to less than 28,600 | 0.038 | 0.172 | ||||
| 28,600 to less than 46,800 | −0.008 | −0.037 | ||||
| 46,800 and above | 0.012 | 0.052 | ||||
| Educational qualification | ||||||
| National vocational qualification 4 or 5/degree or equivalent (omitted category) | ||||||
| Higher education below degree | 0.060 | 1.165 | ||||
| National vocational qualification 3/general certificate of education advanced level equivalent | 0.034 | 0.661 | ||||
| National vocational qualification 2/general certificate of education ordinary level equivalent | 0.082 | 1.614 | ||||
| National vocational qualification 1/certificate of secondary education level equivalent | −0.537*** | −8.047 | ||||
| Foreign/other | −0.589 | −8.581 | ||||
| No qualification | 0.050 | 0.976 | ||||
| Employment status & working hours | ||||||
| Fulltime (omitted category) | ||||||
| Part-time | −0.059 | −0.526 | ||||
| Unemployed | −0.139* | −1.236 | ||||
| Drinking status | ||||||
| Almost every day (omitted category) | ||||||
| Five or six days a week | −0.081 | −0.347 | −0.462* | −7.274 | ||
| Three or four days a week | −0.194 | −0.819 | 0.039 | 0.760 | ||
| Once or twice a week | −0.066 | −0.289 | −0.113 | −2.113 | ||
| Once or twice a month | −0.199 | −0.824 | 0.064 | 1.249 | ||
| Once every couple of months | −0.381* | −1.433 | −0.207 | −3.612 | ||
| Once or twice a year | −0.033 | −0.146 | −0.138 | −2.474 | ||
| Not at all in the last 12 months/non-drinker | −0.023 | −0.101 | −0.273 | −4.668 | ||
| Number of children in household | ||||||
| 0 (omitted category) | ||||||
| 1 | −0.171* | −0.718 | ||||
| 2 | −0.466*** | −1.793 | ||||
| 3 and above | −0.080 | −0.344 | ||||
| Urbanisation | ||||||
| Urban (omitted category) | ||||||
| Town | −0.212* | −0.866 | ||||
| Village/hamlet | −0.167 | −0.697 | ||||
| Marital status & cohabitation | ||||||
| Married & living with partner (omitted category) | ||||||
| Living with someone as part a couple | −0.213* | −0.871 | ||||
| Living alone | 0.196 | 0.900 | ||||
| Access to vehicle | ||||||
| Yes (omitted category) | ||||||
| No | 0.182** | 1.785 | 0.332** | 7.278 | ||
| No. of observations | 362 | 534 | 231 | |||
| Constant | 1.804*** | 2.437*** | 2.969*** | |||
| Linktest | p = 0.404 | p = 0.966 | p = 0.784 | |||
| Pseudo R squared | 0.071 | 0.022 | 0.015 | |||
aCoefficient; bMarginal Effects/Price of Elasticity of Demand; Significance level of 1%(***), 5%(**), 10%(*).