Table 2.

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials on Hypothermia for the Management of Neonatal HIE

Injury Types	No. of Patients	Inclusion Criteria	Hypother mia (°C)	Cooling Method	Cooling Length (Hour)	Follow- Up (Month)	Neurological Outcome	Refs.
HIE	22	Gestational age (GA) > 37 weeks, defined criteria for low Apgar scores, low arterial cord pH and clinical signs of encephalopathy	36.5-36 and 35.9-35.5	Selective head	72	3, 6, 12	Established the safety of mild hypothermia	[78]
HIE	208	GA > 36 weeks, seizures or moderate encephalopathy with defined criteria for low cord or arterial pH, increased base deficit and low Apgar scores	33.5	Whole body	72	18–22	Significant reduction in the risk of death or moderate to severe neurodevelopment al disability in hypothermia group	[92]
HIE	65	GA > 35 weeks, Birth weight > 2000g with defined criteria for low cord or infant gas pH, low Apgar scores, increased need for resuscitation and signs of neonatal encephalopathy	33 ± 0.5	Whole body	48	12	Significant reduction in severely abnormal motor scores and combined outcome of death or severe motor scores in the hypothermia group	[93]
HIE	218	GA > 36 weeks with defined criteria for low Apgar scores, increased need for resuscitation, low cord blood or infant blood pH and amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) suggestive of moderate to severe encephalopathy	34–35	Selective head	72	18	Reduction in death or severe disability at 18 months in hypothermia group	[91]
HIE	325	GA > 36 weeks with defined criteria for low Apgar scores, increased need for resuscitation, low cord or infant blood pH, moderate to severe encephalopathy and an abnormal aEEG	33–34	Whole body	72	18	Significant increase in rate of survival without neurologic abnormality and reduced risks of cerebral palsy among survivors in cooled group	[94]

Explanation of abbreviations can be found in the list of abbreviations.