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. 2013 Aug 30;48(19):1414–1420. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092438

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Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

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Effects of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the apoptotic signalling pathway at mRNA level. Subjecting cultured human tenocytes to TNF-α for 7 h significantly increased main parameters of the apoptotic pathway. (A) 500 ng/mL of TNF-α significantly increased caspase-10 mRNA as compared to the control (4.2-fold change; *p<0.05). 50 ng/mL also showed an increase compared to control, although this was not statistically significant (n.s) (p=0.08). (B) In total, 50 ng/mL of TNF-α significantly increased caspase-3 mRNA in comparison to the control (1.8-fold change; *p<0.05). The increase seen for cells treated with 500 ng/mL of TNF-α was not statistically significant (n.s.), although close to significant (p=0.05). Error bars indicate the SD.