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Effects of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the apoptotic signalling pathway at protein level. Twelve hours of exposure to TNF-α resulted in an increase of both BID and cleaved-PARP (c-PARP) in cultured human tenocytes. A more obvious increase in comparison to the control (Ctrl) was seen for BID, as compared to c-PARP, after treatment with TNF-α. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Jurkat apoptosis cell lysate was used as a positive control (Pos. ctrl).
