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. 2013 Aug 30;48(19):1414–1420. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092438

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Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

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Substance P (SP) reduces the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis in human tenocytes. The increase in expression of BID and cleaved-PARP seen in cultured human tenocytes after incubation with TNF-α as compared to control (Ctrl), was clearly reduced when cells were pretreated with SP. Blocking of the SP receptor with an NK-1 R inhibitor (NK-1 R inhib.) reduced this effect of SP. β-actin was used as a loading control and jurkat apoptosis cell lysate was used as a positive control (Pos. ctrl; 12 h of incubations).