Nasopharyngeal area: Area within the region defined by the nasion (Na), the anterior nasal spine (ANS), and the basion (Ba). Oropharyngeal area: area within the region defined by the anterior nasal spine (ANS), menton (Me), third cervical vertebrae (C3), and the basion (Ba); Naso-oropharyngeal area: the sum of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal areas (Na–ANS–Me–C3–Ba–Na).