Table 1.
Main measurements performed on the studied group
| Females (n = 695) Mean (SD) (mm) | Males (n = 655) Mean (SD) (mm) | Total (n = 1350) Mean (SD) (mm) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | T | R | L | T | P-value* | R | L | T | P-value† | |
| Age (years) | 45.4 (16.6)‡ | 44.4 (17.7)‡ | 0.28 | 44.9 (17.1)‡ | – | ||||||
| GPF–MMS | 15.7 (1.5) | 15.4 (1.4) | 15.5 (1.5) | 16.4 (1.5) | 16.0 (1.5) | 16.2 (1.5) | P < 0.0001 | 16.1 (1.5) | 15.6 (1.5) | 15.9 (1.5) | P < 0.0001 |
| GPF–PBHP | 4.8 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.0) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.9 (1.0) | P = 0.0002 | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.8 (1.0) | 4.8 (1.0) | P = 0.25 |
| GPF–IF | 33.2 (2.5) | 33.4 (2.7) | 33.3 (2.6) | 34.8 (3.3) | 35.3 (3.3) | 35.0 (3.3) | P < 0.0001 | 34.0 (3.0) | 34.3 (3.1) | 34.2 (3.0) | P = 0.004 |
| MMS–IF–GPF angle (°) | 26.8 (2.9) | 26.3 (2.9) | 26.5 (2.9) | 25.5 (2.8) | 25.7 (3.0) | 25.6 (2.9) | P < 0.0001 | 26.0 (2.9) | 26.3 (3.0) | 26.2 (2.9) | P = 0.002 |
| GPF–AR | 2.9 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.1) | P = 0.11 | 3.0 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.2) | P = 0.22 |
| GPF–PH tip | 11.6 (0.8) | 11.6 (0.8) | 11.6 (0.8) | 12.2 (1.2) | 12.3 (1.4) | 12.2 (1.3) | P < 0.0001 | 11.9 (1.0) | 12.0 (1.1) | 11.9 (1.1) | P = 0.19 |
| GPF–PNS | 16.5 (1.2) | 16.5 (1.3) | 16.5 (1.2) | 17.4 (1.5) | 17.5 (1.5) | 17.4 (1.5) | P < 0.0001 | 17.0 (1.4) | 17.0 (1.5) | 17.0 (1.5) | P = 0.48 |
| GPF–M2 | 11.3 (2.2) | 11.4 (1.9) | 11.4 (2.0) | 12.2 (2.4) | 12.2 (2.3) | 12.2 (2.3) | P < 0.0001 | 11.8 (2.1) | 11.8 (2.1) | 11.8 (2.1) | P = 0.72 |
| GPF–M3 | 11.0 (2.1) | 11.0 (1.7) | 11.0 (1.9) | 11.4 (2.1) | 11.7 (2.4) | 11.5 (2.2) | P < 0.0001 | 11.3 (2.1) | 11.4 (2.1) | 11.3 (2.1) | P = 0.16 |
| GPF–GPF | 28.7 (2.5)‡ | 29.5 (2.6)‡ | P < 0.0001 | 29.1 (2.6)‡ | – | ||||||
| Palatal vault height | 12.1 (2.5)‡ | 14.2 (2.5)‡ | P < 0.0001 | 13.1 (2.7)‡ | – | ||||||
| Palatal vault breadth | 45.7 (3.0)‡ | 48.1 (3.1)‡ | P < 0.0001 | 46.9 (3.3)‡ | – | ||||||
| Palatal vault length | 45.0 (3.9)‡ | 49.1 (4.2)‡ | P < 0.0001 | 47.0 (4.5)‡ | – | ||||||
| PI | 101.6 (4.7) | 98.0 (6.0) | P < 0.0001 | 99.8 (5.4)‡ | – | ||||||
| PHI | 26.5 (2.9) | 29.5 (3.7) | P < 0.0001 | 30.1 (3.1)‡ | – | ||||||
AR, alveolar ridge; GPF, greater palatine foramen; IF, incisive foramen; L, left side; M2, second maxillary molar; M3, third maxillary molar; MMS, midline maxillary suture; PBHP, posterior border of the hard palate; PH, pterygoid hamulus; PHI, palatine height index; PI, palatine index; PNS, posterior nasal spine; R, right side; SD, standard deviation; T, value for both sides.
Palatine index: palatine breadth to palatine length ratio (%); palatine height index: palatine height to palatine breadth ratio (%).
Palatine breadth: measured at the level of maxillary second molars. Palatine length: distance between the orale and staphylion points.
P-value for the comparison between female and male total values.
P-value for the comparison between total right and left values.
Total value only.