Table 1.
Clinical, surgical and anatomical features in the study population and in the control group
| Study population – 1002 patients/1002 procedures | Control group – 230 patients/250 procedures | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age – years (years), months | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5 years, 6 months (3 years, 3 months) | Mean (SD) | 6 years, 2 months (4 years, 1 month) | 0.1* |
| Median | 5 years | Median | 6 years | |
| Range | 1 month – 16 years | Range | 3 months – 13 years | |
| Side – total 1002, n (%) | Side – total 250, n (%) | |||
| Right | 568 (56.7%) | Right | 145 (58.0%) | 0.73† |
| Left | 434 (43.3%) | Left | 105 (42.0%) | |
| Surgical procedure – total 1002, n (%) | Surgical procedure – total 250, n (%) | |||
| Primary orchidopexy | 972 (97.0%) | Torsion of testicular appendices/testis | 166 (66.4%) | n/a |
| Emergency procedure | 22 (2.2%) | Orchitis/epididymitis and others | 45 (18.0%) | |
| First stage orchidopexy | 8 (0.8%) | Incarcerated congenital inguinal hernia | 39 (15.6%) | |
| Testis localization – total 1002, n (%) | ||||
| Intra-abdominal | 116 (11.6%) | |||
| Inguinal canal- proximal | 157 (15.7%) | |||
| Inguinal canal-distal | 243 (24.3%) | |||
| Superficial inguinal ring | 287 (28.6%) | |||
| Ectopic testis | 165 (16.5%) | |||
| Atresia/not found | 34 (3.4%) | |||
| Insertion of the gubernaculum – total 594, n (%) | ||||
| Sopra-pubic | 288 (48.5%) | |||
| Scrotal | 131 (22.1%) | |||
| Other | 76 (12.8%) | |||
| Not detected | 99 (16.7%) | |||
| Total | 594 (100%) | |||
| Processus vaginalis – total 900, n (%) | ||||
| Detected | 698 (77.6%) | |||
| Not detected | 202 (22.4%) | |||
*
t-test.
†
Chi-square test.