Table 2. List of selected experiments reflecting modification in the morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons in response to environmental manipulation.

Stimulus	Areas examined	Species	Age	Reference
restraint	medial PFC (Cg 1-3)	rat	adult	Cook and Wellman, 2004
maternal separation	anterior cingulate/somatosensory cortex	rat	PND 1-16	Bock et al., 2005*
restraint/handling	medial PFC (Cg 1-3)	rat	adult	Brown et al., 2005*
various stressors	anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal cortex	rat	ED 15-20	Murmu et al., 2006*
light deprivation	visual cortex	mice	birth-PND 25	Valverde, 1967**
callosotomy	auditory cortex	rat	3 mo-24 mo	Vaughan and Cahill, 1984**
maternal separation/social deprivation	anterior cingulate cortex	degu	PND1 - PND 45	Helmeke et al., 2001*
callosotomy	parietal cortex	rabbit	newborn	Globus and Scheibel, 1967a**
visual deprivation	striate cortex	rabbit	PND 30	Globus and Scheibel, 1967b*/**
nerve injury	somatosensory cortex	squirrel monkey	mature	Churchill et al., 2004*
environmental complexity	frontal cortex temporal cortex	rat	30 days post-weaning	Greenough et al., 1973*
environmental complexity	visual cortex	rat	immature	Volkmar and Greenough, 1972*
maze training	occipital cortex	rat	adult	Greenough et al., 1979*
environmental enrichment	occipital cortex	rat	adult	Uylings et al., 1978*

ED - embryonic day; PND -post-natal day; mo-months.

^*studies utilizing modifications of Golgi Cox technique;

^**studies utilizing various modifications of rapid Golgi technique.