Table 2b. Numeracy and Diabetes Outcomes.
| Author | Associations examined | Key Findings | Numeracy assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cavanaugh Annals of Internal Medicine 200838 | Association between diabetes-related numeracy and self-management skills and glycemic control | N=398 adults with diabetes. DNTa associated w/self-management skills (misinterpreting glucometer readings, miscalculating carb load, and medication dose) and glycemic control. DNT was also associated with health literacy and general numeracy skills |
Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNTa) |
| Huizinga Obesity 200838 | Association between diabetes-related numeracy, health literacy and BMI | N=160 English-speaking, adult primary care patients. Numeracy was associated with BMIb after adjusting for health literacy. Health literacy was not associated with BMIb | WRAT-3c |
| Marden Diabetic Medicine 201255 | Association between diabetes-related numeracy, health literacy and glycemic control | N=112 adults with type 1 diabetes. Numeracy was associated with A1Cd, but health literacy was not associated with A1Cd. | Skills for Life Initial Assessment |
| Osborn Diabetes Care 200956 | Evaluated whether diabetes-related numeracy, health literacy and general numeracy mediated association between race and glycemic control | N=383 adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes-related numeracy largely explained African American-white differences in A1Cd. Health literacy was not associated with A1Cd and did not explain African Am-white differences in control. | Diabetes-related numeracy (DNT), general numeracy (WRAT-3c), literacy (REALMe) |
| Osborn J Health Comm 201010 | Evaluated whether self-efficacy explains the association between diabetes-related numeracy and health literacy and glycemic control | N=383 adults with diabetes. Literacy and numeracy were bi-variately associated with self-efficacy. However only numeracy was independently associated with self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was in turn was associated with A1Cd control. Numeracy and literacy were not associated with A1Cd after adjustment for confounders, study suggests an indirect effect of numeracy→self-efficacy→A1Cd | Diabetes-related numeracy (DNTa), general numeracy (WRAT-3Rf), literacy (REALMe), 8-item Perceived Diabetes Self-Management Scale (PDSMSg) |
a
DNT = Diabetes Numeracy Test
b
BMI = Body Mass Index
c
WRAT-3 = Wide Range Achievement Test 3
d
A1C Hemoglobin A1C
e
REALM = Rapid Assessment of Adult Literacy in Medicine
f
WRAT-3R = Wide Range Achievement Test 3 – Revised
g
PDSMS = Perceived Diabetes Self-Management Scale