Table 1.

Summary comparison of studies examining differentiation of renal cell carcinoma from oncocytoma

Authors and Year	Test	Comparison RCC Subtype	Imaging Criteria	Reported Results	Characteristics of Tumors
Young et al 2013 [24]	CT	Clear cell	Threshold attenuation values in 3 phases	84% accuracy (81/97)	All sizes
Wildberger et al 1997 [56]	CT	Clear cell	Qualitative features: solid, well-demarcated, central scar, spoke wheel pattern, hypodense after contrast	12.2% (6/49) observations correct for oncocytoma	All sizes
Bird et al 2011 [57]	CT	All subtypes	Attenuation in 3 phases, % change	p<0.05, using t-test for RCC v. oncocytoma	< 4 cm, RCC group: 60% clear cell
Davidson et al 1993 [58]	CT	All subtypes	Homogeneous enhancement and central sharply marginated scar	No difference in small and large tumors, 33% called RCC	All sizes
Zhang et al 2007 [25]	CT	Clear cell	Qualitative features, enhancement in 2 phases	No difference	All sizes, with small number oncocytoma
Cornelias et al 2013 [67]	MRI	Clear cell	Segmental inversion post 5 min delay, and tumor-to-spleen signal intensity ratio	55% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 86% PPV, 88% NPV	All sizes
Rosenkrantz et al 2010 [66]	MRI	Chromophobe	Qualitative features, segmental inversion post 3 min delay	10% of chromophobe, oncocyctoma with segmental inversion	All sizes, most < 4 cm
Taouli et al 2009 [68]	MRI	All subtypes (solid tumors only)	DWI in addition to contrast-enhanced MRI, ADC cutoff of <=1.66 × 10-3 mm2/sec (at b values 0, 400, 800)	90% sensitivity, 83% specificity, AUC 0.854 for solid RCC	All sizes >= 1 cm