Table 1.
Description of groups according to socio-demographic, functional, cognitive and psychiatric variables.
| Control (1) | Mild cognitive impairment (2) | Dementia (3) | Psychiatric disorder (4) | KW | Post-hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (25th–75th percentile) | Median (25th–75th percentile) | Median (25th–75th percentile) | Median (25th–75th percentile) | |||
| Age | 79 | 74 | 76 | 77 | 2.00 | – |
| Schooling | 4 (4–11) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (1–4) | 4 (0–5) | 6.67 | – |
| Female gender (n) | 7 | 25 | 53 | 11 | – | – |
| P-FAQ | 0 (0–2) | 4 (1–8) | 14 (9–19) | 12 (2–15) | 51.63** | 1 < 2, 1 < 3, 1 < 4, 2 < 3 |
| GADL—self-care | 8 (8–8) | 8 (8–8) | 8 (8–8) | 8 (8–8) | 2.38 | – |
| GADL—domestic activities | 8 (8–8) | 8 (7–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (5–8) | 36.53** | 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3, 2 > 4 |
| GADL—complex activities | 8 (7–8) | 7 (6–8) | 4 (2–7) | 7 (2–8) | 44.25** | 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3 |
| Geriatric depression scale | 2 (0–3) | 3 (1–4) | 4 (2–6) | 8 (5–11) | 20.09** | 1 < 3, 1 < 4, 2 < 3, 2 < 4, 3 < 4 |
| Mini-mental state examination | 27 (23–28) | 25 (20–27) | 20 (17–23) | 22 (19–26) | 28.16** | 1 > 3, 2 > 3 |
| frontal assessment battery | 15 (12–17) | 12 (10–13) | 8 (6–11) | 8 (6–13) | 40.28** | 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3 |
| Clock drawing test | 5 (3–5) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0–3) | 3 (2–4) | 19.05** | 1 > 2, 1 > 3 |
| MDRS attention | 36 (35–36) | 35 (33–36) | 34 (32–35) | 35 (34–36) | 19.27** | 1 > 3, 2 > 3 |
| MDRS I/P | 34 (31–37) | 29 (25–31) | 23 (21–28) | 26 (22–29) | 34.20** | 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4,2 > 3 |
| MDRS construction | 6 (6–6) | 6 (4–6) | 5 (2–6) | 6 (3–6) | 9.99* | 1 > 3 |
| MDRS conceptualization | 33 (32–37) | 32 (27–35) | 24 (21–31) | 28 (22–37) | 26.50** | 1 > 3, 2 > 3 |
| MDRS memory | 23 (22–24) | 18 (16–21) | 13 (10–17) | 18 (13–20) | 39.20** | 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3 |
| MDRS total | 131 | 118 | 102 | 115 | 53.82** | 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 3 |
Significant difference at p < 0.01; KW, Kruskall-Wallis test; P-FAQ, Pfeffer's Functional Activities Questionnaire; GADL, General Activities of Daily Living Scale; MDRS, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; I/P, Initiative/Perseveration. 1 – interpreted as: 0.02–0.12 (low), 0.13–0.25 (medium), 0.26 or higher (high).
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01.