Table 4.
Clinical characteristics for patients with extremely low 25(OH)D resultsa
| |
Number of patients |
|
|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | UIHC | WCMC |
|
Decreased production or intake of vitamin D |
|
|
| Severe malnutrition |
6 |
-b |
| Skin damage (e.g., burns) |
0 |
0 |
|
Malabsorption of vitamin D or deficient 25-hydroxylation |
|
|
| Liver failure and/or biliary tract dysfunction |
26 |
1 |
| Other disorder with lipid malabsorption |
25 |
0 |
|
Increased loss of 25(OH)D |
|
|
| Nephrotic syndrome |
5 |
1 |
| Renal failure |
23 |
2 |
|
Increased catabolism or 1α-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D |
|
|
| Liver-enzyme inducing medications |
7 |
0 |
| Hyperthyroidism |
0 |
0 |
| Granulomatous disease |
4 |
0 |
|
Other conditions possibly linked to 25(OH)D deficiency |
|
|
| Morbid obesity and/or status post bariatric surgery |
23 |
4 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus without lupus nephritis |
8 |
0 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis |
4 |
0 |
|
Unknown/Other |
51 |
3 |
| Perinatally acquired HIV; now in adolescence or adulthood |
0 |
2 |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism | 3 | 0 |
aThresholds for Deficiency Chart review were: UIHC, 25(OH)D immunoassay results of <5 ng/mL; WCMC, 25(OH)D LC-MS/MS results where both D2 and D3 were <4 ng/mL.
bAt WCMC, six of the cases noted signs of malnourishment and/or documented poor appetite. These cases are categorized, however, under the primary causative Clinical Characteristics to eliminate duplication.