Table 2.

Technical Key Points and Potential Risks of Biceps Tenoscopy

Tenoscopic Procedure	Key Points	Potential Risks
Anterior-superior tenoscopy portal	Outside-in technique for exact portal placement anterior to LHBT, in continuity with bicipital groove Marking of correct portal site with needle Use of knife for 5-mm longitudinal split Insertion of blunt rod into BTS Rod should easily pass transverse ligament; consider use of smaller rod/arthroscope	Injury to LHBT, pulley complex, transverse ligament, or BTS
Anterior-inferior working portal	Outside-in technique for exact portal placement through roof of BTS Abandonment of cannula facilitates tenoscopic procedure	Injury to musculocutaneous nerve medial to BTS Injury to cephalic vein
Removal of loose bodies	Abandonment of cannula facilitates removal of loose bodies Thorough inspection of medial and lateral recess of BTS Preoperative MRI to locate and quantify loose bodies	Persistence of loose bodies
Tenosynovectomy	Thorough inspection of BTS and LHBT Reduction of suction of shaver to avoid iatrogenic injuries Use of electrothermal ball probe to enable steep and perpendicular work	Injury to LHBT or BTS Injury to branches of anterior circumflex artery on floor of bicipital groove (bleeding) Persistence of tenosynovitis