Table 1.
Baseline and in-hospital medication characteristics of the study sample by level of kidney function
| Variables | Group A: | Group B: | Group C: | P-value | Post-hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GFR ≥60 | GFR 59-30 | GFR <30 | Significant | ||
| (n = 182) | (n = 103) | (n = 35) | Comparisons* | ||
| Age, mean (SD) (years) | 68.7 (12.5) | 81.2 (8.8) | 79.5 (11.0) | <.0001 | A < B,C |
| Female, n (%) | 49 (26.9) | 46 (44.7) | 23 (65.7) | <.0001 | A < B < C |
| History of lipid disorder, n (%) | 106 (58.2) | 59 (57.3) | 15 (42.9) | 0.236 | - |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 45 (24.9) | 37 (35.9) | 18 (51.4) | 0.004 | A < B,C |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 130 (71.8) | 87 (84.5) | 29 (82.9) | 0.035 | A < B |
| History of PAD, n (%) | 11 (6.1) | 14 (13.6) | 7 (20.0) | 0.015 | A < B,C |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 68 (37.6) | 49 (48.0) | 24 (70.6) | 0.001 | A,B < C |
| Prior stroke or TIA, n (%) | 16 (8.8) | 17 (16.5) | 7 (20.0) | 0.061 | - |
| Left ventricular dysfunction (EF ≤ 40), n (%) | 26 (14.3) | 27 (26.2) | 11 (31.4) | 0.011 | A < B,C |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 24 (13.2) | 38 (36.9) | 14 (40.0) | <.0001 | A < B,C |
| Renal function characteristics | |||||
| GFR at admission, mean (SD) (mL/min/1.73 m2 ) | 81.1 (13.6) | 45.5 (8.8) | 18.1 (7.7) | <.0001 | A > B > C |
| GFR at peak, mean (SD) (mL/min/1.73 m2 ) | 73.7 (16.4) | 41.8 (10.1) | 16.0 (9.3) | <.0001 | A > B > C |
| GFR at discharge, mean (SD) (mL/min/1.73 m2 ) | 80.9 (15.8) | 51.4 (15.4) | 22.9 (16.9) | <.0001 | A > B > C |
| In-hospital medications, n (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 180 (98.9) | 99 (96.1) | 27 (77.1) | <.0001 | A,B > C |
| Clopidogrel | 170 (93.4) | 97 (94.2) | 31 (88.6) | 0.513 | - |
| LMWH | 179 (98.4) | 95 (92.2) | 33 (94.3) | 0.037 | A > B |
| Beta-blockers | 177 (97.3) | 93 (90.3) | 32 (91.4) | 0.036 | A > B |
| ACE inhibitors | 163 (91.1) | 91 (88.3) | 22 (62.9) | <.0001 | A,B > C |
| Statins | 152 (84.4) | 79 (77.5) | 19 (54.3) | <.0001 | A,B > C |
| Immediate evidence-based treatment, n (%) | 162 (89.0) | 79 (76.7) | 22 (62.9) | <.0001 | A > B,C |
*Bonferroni-corrected p value was used for Post-hoc analysis.
Abbreviations: GFR glomerular filtration rate, SD standard deviation, PAD peripheral arterial disease, TIA transient ischemic attack, EF ejection fraction; LMWH low-molecular-weight-heparin, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme.