(A) Principle of in vivo integrated PA-PT nanotheranostics of bacteria in blood and distant infected sites. (B) Multiplex targeting S. aureus surface biomarker protein A (Spa) and lipoprotein (Lpp) by siMNPs, GNRs and GNTs functionalized with either anti-Spa or anti-Lpp antibody (Ab). (C) In vivoPA monitoring of CBCs labeled with Ab-functionalized NP sin vitro prior to injection. siMNPs, silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles; GNRs, gold nanorods; GNTs, golden carbon nanotubes. Reprinted with permission from [193]. Copyright 2012, Public Library of Science.