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. 2014 Sep 12;5:4967. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5967

Table 1. Change of the characteristics of 75-year-old forest stands 2000 in relation to 1960.

Forest stand attribute Change from 1960–2000 in %
 
 N. spruce
 E. beech
Dominant tree height, ho +6 +9
Mean tree diameter, dq +9 +14
Mean tree volume, Inline graphic +34 +20
Stand volume growth, PAIV +10 +30
Standing volume stock, V +6 +7
Tree number, N −17 −21
Mortality rate, MORT NS −17
Mean tree volume    
increment Inline graphic +32 +77
Shift of Inline graphic-allometry +25 +57
Shift of Inline graphic-allometry NS NS

E. beech, European beech; N. spruce, Norway spruce; PAIV, periodic annual increment of volume.

Comparative changes between 2000 and 1960 determined from our fitted linear mixed models (LMMs). We only report changes based on significant calendar year effects; bold numbers: P<0.05 (LMM); normal number: P<0.10 (LMM). Sample sizes for Norway spruce: n=157 (ho, dq, Inline graphic, V, N, Inline graphic-allometry), n=141 (PAIV, Inline graphic, Inline graphic-allometry), n=90 (MORT). Sample sizes for European beech: n=225 (ho, dq, Inline graphic, V, N, Inline graphic-allometry), n=217 (PAIV, Inline graphic, Inline graphic-allometry), n=119 (MORT). The crucial calendar year effects for a given forest stand attribute might result from one or two significant parameter estimates.