Table 3.

Adjusted Associations of Neuropsychiatric Disorders^a at Baseline with Risk of Hospitalization for an Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Condition

	Adjusted for demographics	Adjusted for demographics and clinical characteristics	Adjusted for demographics, clinical characteristics and health-risk behaviors
	Hazard Ratio (95 % Confidence Interval)
Depression alone	1.49 (1.31, 1.69)‡	1.38 (1.22, 1.57)‡	1.33 (1.18, 1.52)‡
CIND alone	1.24 (1.10, 1.40)†	1.24 (1.10, 1.40)†	1.25 (1.10, 1.41)‡
Dementia alone	1.53 (1.30, 1.79)‡	1.36 (1.16, 1.59)‡	1.32 (1.12, 1.55)†
Comorbid depression and CIND	1.73 (1.47, 2.03)‡	1.48 (1.25, 1.74)‡	1.43 (1.20, 1.69)‡
Comorbid depression and dementia	2.15 (1.79, 2.57)‡	1.69 (1.41, 2.02)‡	1.66 (1.38, 2.00)‡
Age	1.04 (1.04, 1.05)‡	1.04 (1.04, 1.05)‡	1.05 (1.04, 1.05)‡
Female	0.78 (0.71, 0.85)‡	0.83 (0.75, 0.90)‡	0.89 (0.81, 0.98)*
Non-white	1.03 (0.92, 1.16)	1.08 (0.96, 1.22)	1.07 (0.95, 1.21)
< High school graduate	1.21 (1.10, 1.32)‡	1.16 (1.06, 1.27)†	1.14 (1.04, 1.25)†
Single/separated/widowed	1.19 (1.08, 1.30)‡	1.14 (1.04, 1.25)†	1.11 (1.01, 1.22)*
Net worth < $125,000b	1.54 (1.40, 1.69)‡	1.50 (1.36, 1.65)‡	1.44 (1.31, 1.59)‡
Charlson score ≥ 1		2.19 (1.96, 2.45)‡	2.10 (1.87, 2.34)‡
≥ 1 hospitalization in the previous year		1.31 (1.17, 1.47)‡	1.31 (1.16, 1.47)‡
Alcohol consumption
1 drink/day			0.78 (0.68, 0.89)‡
2 drinks/day			0.73 (0.60, 0.87)†
3 drinks/day			1.08 (0.80, 1.47)
≥ 4 drinks/day			0.98 (0.71, 1.34)
Smoking
Former smoker			1.30 (1.19, 1.43)‡
Current smoker			1.65 (1.43, 1.90)‡
Substance abuse diagnosis			1.39 (0.99, 1.96)
Obesity			1.37 (1.00, 1.88)

Abbreviation: CIND cognitive impairment without dementia

^* P < 0.05

^† P < 0.01

^‡ P < 0.001

^a The comparison group for analyses of the association of neuropsychiatric disorders with risk of hospitalization for an ambulatory care-sensitive condition is those subjects with no disorder

^b The median household net worth is $125,200