Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Electric field confining stored ion charge (a) in the vertical dimension, Y-components, and (b) in the horizontal dimension, X-components. The DC electric field produced by the guard electrodes (dashed), effective potential field from RF rung electrodes (dotted), and a sum of the two fields (solid).
