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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 26.
Published in final edited form as: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(5):872–897. doi: 10.1002/anie.200802585

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Mechanism of action of multistage (3rd generation) nanovectors. Top-left: rationally designed stage one particles marginate to the vessel wall and adhere to the endothelium. Top-right: stage one particles release a penetration enhancer to break down tight junctions and the basement membrane and release stage two particles – in this instance, liposomes. Bottom: the stage two liposomes interact with the target cell membrane, and then deliver the intended payload – in this example, siRNA. Reprinted with permission.[151]