Table I.
Baseline characteristics
| Variable | No pulmonary hypertension on RHC (MPAP < 25) (n = 15) | Pulmonary hypertension on RHC (MPAP ≥ 25) with WHO group 1 diagnoses (n = 4) | Pulmonary hypertension on RHC (MPAP ≥ 25) with WHO group 2 diagnoses (n = 24) | Pulmonary hypertension on RHC (MPAP ≥ 25) with WHO group 3 diagnoses (n = 2) | All groups together (n = 45) | Value of p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of the entire cohort (n = 45) | 33.3% | 8.9% | 53.3% | 4.4% | 100% | |
| Age [years] | 62.9 ±16.9 | 62.0 ±25.7 | 67.0 ±14.4 | 72.0 ±7.1 | 65.1 ±15.8 | 0.78 |
| Gender (% males) | 73.3% (11/15) | 50% (2/2) | 58.3% (14/24) | 50% (1/2) | 62.2% (28/45) | 0.72 |
| Diagnoses | Cardiomyopathy, 11 Cirrhosis, 2 Post heart transplant, 2 |
IPAH, 4 | Cardiomyopathy, 21 Valvular heart disease, 2 Cirrhosis, 1 |
IPF, 1 COPD, 1 |
||
| PVR [dyne × s/cm5] | 173.4 ±108.5 | 1347.4 ±507.2 | 264.4 ±135.5 | 724.5 ±187.1 | 350.8 ±378.3 | < 0.0001 |
| MPAP on RHC [mm Hg] | 20.7 ±6.6 | 49 ±10.2 | 33.2 ±5.2 | 47 ±5.7 | 31 ±10.8 | < 0.0001 |
| PAOP on RHC [mm Hg] | 12.8 ±5.9 | 16 ±11.8 | 20.3 ±6 | 15.5 ±14.8 | 17.2 ±7.5 | 0.02 |
| PVRadj [dyne × s/cm5] | 198.5 ±146.3 | 1104.8 ±521.5 | 328.6 ±208.9 | 852.1 ±78.1 | 377.5 ±344.8 | < 0.0001 |
| PAERHC [mm Hg/ml] | 0.33 ±0.17 | 1.86 ±0.93 | 0.56 ±0.29 | 0.89 ±0.05 | 0.61 ±0.53 | < 0.0001 |
| Time constant [s] | 0.47 ±0.29 | 0.45 ±0.1 | 0.48 ±0.26 | 0.72 ±0.11 | 0.49 ±0.26 | 0.63 |
| PAEecho [mm Hg/ml] | 0.36 ±0.24 | 1.1 ±0.6 | 0.58 ±0.3 | 0.55 ±0.07 | 0.55 ±0.38 | 0.002 |
| PAEecho adjusted for Hb and RA area [mm Hg/ml] | 386.9 ±372.1 | 3382.2 ±4329.4 | 685.8 ±483.1 | 954.7 ±231.8 | 837.8 ±1454.8 | 0.001 |
| Blood hemoglobin [g/dl] | 11.4 ±2.8 | 13.9 ±1.7 | 11.2 ±2.4 | 11 ±2.2 | 11.5 ±2.5 | 0.26 |
| RA cross-sectional area [cm2] | 19 ±5.1 | 30.4 ±15.7 | 21.7 ±7 | 29.2 ±1.7 | 22 ±7.9 | 0.03 |
| Peak TRJV [cm/s] | 259.2 ±64.8 | 337 ±79.4 | 297.6 ±46.7 | 360 ±9.9 | 291.1 ±60.7 | 0.02 |
| PRJV at end-diastole [cm/s] | 123.8 ±29.3 | 146.8 ±27.5 | 130.2 ±30.3 | 215 ±33.9 | 133.3 ±34.4 | 0.002 |
RHC – right heart catheterization, MPAP – mean pulmonary artery pressure, WHO – World Health Organization, IPAH – idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, IPF – idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PVR – pulmonary vascular resistance, PVRadj – PVR adjusted for blood hemoglobin of 12 g/dl, PAOP – pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, PAERHC – pulmonary arterial elastance calculated on RHC, time constant – PVRadj/(PAERHC × 1333), RA – right atrium, TRJV – tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity, PRJV – pulmonary regurgitant jet velocity, Hb – hemoglobin, for p values, the four groups – no PH group and the three WHO groups – were compared together. One-way ANOVA was used for continuous variables, and χ 2 test for multiple groups was used for categorical variables.