Table 1.

Distribution of 8305 pancreatic cancer cases and 13 987 controls, and corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), by history of diabetes. Data from Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4)

	Cases		Controls		ORa (95% CI)
	N	%	N	%
History of diabetes
No	6404	77.1	12 629	90.3	1b
Yes	1767	21.3	1284	9.2	2.39 (2.19–2.61)
Missing	134	1.6	74	0.5
Duration of diabetes (years)
<1	307	3.7	48	0.3	10.32 (7.48–14.23)
1 to <2	218	2.6	95	0.7	3.68 (2.84–4.77)
2 to <5	383	4.6	236	1.7	2.92 (2.44–3.50)
5 to <10	304	3.7	290	2.1	1.84 (1.54–2.20)
10 to <15	206	2.5	211	1.5	1.69 (1.36–2.09)
15 to <20	111	1.3	134	1.0	1.54 (1.17–2.03)
≥20	151	1.8	216	1.5	1.30 (1.03–1.63)
Missing	221	2.7	128	0.9
P-value for trendc					<0.0001
History of diabetesd
No	6404	82.3	12 629	91.2	1b
Yes	1155	14.9	1087	7.9	1.90 (1.72–2.09)
Missing	221	2.8	128	0.9
Age at diabetes diagnosisd
<30 years	28	0.4	38	0.3	1.46 (0.85–2.48)
≥30 years	1127	14.9	1049	7.6	1.91 (1.73–2.12)
Missing	221	2.8	128	0.9

^aORs were computed from logistic regression models adjusted for study, center (for multicenter studies), age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and history of pancreatitis.

^bReference category.

^cTests for linear trend of the OR were based on ordinal coding of the categories and the corresponding χ² statistic.

^dExcluding patients with a diagnosis of diabetes within 2 years before cancer diagnosis (or interview for controls).