Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer by history of diabetes in strata of selected covariates. Data from Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4)
| History of diabetes |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Diabetes within 2 years before cancer diagnosis or interviewa |
Diabetes 2 years or more before cancer diagnosis or interviewa |
|||
| Cases:controls | Cases:controls | ORb (95% CI) | Cases:controls | ORb (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 3553:7223 | 315:73 | 7.14 (5.40–9.43) | 721:669 | 1.90 (1.67–2.16) |
| Women | 2851:5406 | 210:70 | 4.86 (3.63–6.51) | 434:418 | 1.87 (1.60–2.19) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.04 | 0.87 | |||
| Age (years) | |||||
| <65 | 3337:6932 | 261:71 | 5.95 (4.47–7.92) | 480:426 | 2.10 (1.79–2.45) |
| ≥65 | 3067:5697 | 264:72 | 5.91 (4.46–7.83) | 675:661 | 1.82 (1.60–2.07) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.79 | 0.22 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non–Hispanic White | 5759:10 942 | 468:123 | 6.21 (5.02–7.69) | 979:835 | 1.97 (1.76–2.19) |
| Other | 496:1331 | 49:18 | 3.12 (1.65–5.92) | 148:222 | 1.48 (1.11–1.98) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.20 | 0.17 | |||
| Education | |||||
| High school graduate or less | 3509:6935 | 280:101 | 4.53 (3.54–5.80) | 682:680 | 1.87 (1.65–2.13) |
| College graduate or more | 2846:5640 | 239:42 | 9.05 (6.37–12.9) | 465:400 | 1.92 (1.64–2.26) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.001 | 0.40 | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2)d | |||||
| <25 | 2720:5715 | 133:36 | 6.03 (4.08–8.90) | 262:274 | 1.90 (1.56–2.30) |
| ≥25 | 3410:6131 | 358:98 | 5.45 (4.28–6.95) | 847:752 | 1.84 (1.63–2.07) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.56 | 0.71 | |||
| Tobacco smoking | |||||
| Never smoker | 2362:5381 | 199:51 | 7.15 (5.15–9.93) | 404:424 | 1.81 (1.54–2.13) |
| Current smoker | 1630:2536 | 123:33 | 4.87 (3.17–7.48) | 242:149 | 2.31 (1.80–2.95) |
| Ex-smoker | 2184:4278 | 190:57 | 5.64 (4.09–7.79) | 465:462 | 1.84 (1.58–2.15) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.10 | 0.43 | |||
| Alcohol drinking (drinks/day)e | |||||
| 0 to <1 | 3568:7044 | 305:83 | 6.48 (4.98–8.43) | 743:646 | 2.09 (1.84–2.38) |
| 1 to <4 | 1508:3524 | 97:38 | 4.87 (3.20–7.41) | 188:255 | 1.79 (1.43–2.23) |
| ≥4 | 752:1486 | 42:13 | 5.04 (2.52–10.1) | 110:133 | 1.57 (1.16–2.14) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.26 | 0.06 | |||
| Study area | |||||
| North America | 3836:7151 | 331:76 | 6.11 (4.65–8.03) | 726:676 | 1.95 (1.71–2.23) |
| Other areas | 2568:5478 | 194:67 | 5.75 (4.27–7.75) | 429:411 | 1.83 (1.56–2.14) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.52 | 0.20 | |||
| Source of controls | |||||
| Hospital | 3065:5122 | 306:51 | 7.98 (5.85–10.89) | 560:323 | 2.55 (2.18–3.00) |
| Population | 3339:7507 | 219:92 | 4.52 (3.45–5.92) | 595:764 | 1.50 (1.31–1.71) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.015 | <0.001 | |||
aInterview for controls.
bPooled ORs were computed from logistic regression models adjusted for study, center (for multicenter studies), age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and history of pancreatitis. Reference category: no history of diabetes.
cHomogeneity of ORs between strata of the covariates was based on likelihood ratio tests and the resulting χ2 statistics.
dInformation not available in the University of Minnesota study.
eInformation not available in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center study.