Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of dystonia cases vs. controls
| Characteristic | Dystonia Cases (N = 104) | Controls (N = 107) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age in years | 61.7 ± 11.6 | 70.9 ± 8.3 | t = 6.61, p < 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Female gender | 69 (66.3) | 65 (60.7) | χ2 = 0.71, p = 0.40 |
|
| |||
| Non-Hispanic white race | 83 (79.8) | 93 (86.9) | χ2 = 1.93, p = 0.17 |
|
| |||
| Education in years | 15.7 ± 3.2 | 15.9 ± 2.5 | t = 0.57, p = 0.57 |
|
| |||
| Body mass index kg/m2 | 25.5 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 5.0 | t = 0.79, p = 0.43 |
|
| |||
| Current cigarette smoker | 9 (8.7) | 5 (4.7) | χ2 = 1.35, p = 0.25 |
|
| |||
| Duration of dystonia symptoms in years | 20.3 ± 15.1 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
|
| |||
| Location of dystonia | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| Torticollis | 56 (53.9) | ||
| Blepharospasm | 21 (20.2) | ||
| Writer’s cramp | 9 (8.7) | ||
| Combination or Other locations | 18 (17.3) | ||
|
| |||
| Patient complained of tremor | 30 (28.9) | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or numbers (percentages).