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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 27.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2012 Jul;23(4):543–550. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182547094

Table 2.

Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for incidence of cancer in relation to psychiatric admission: based on simulated data1

N (no cancer / cancer) Hazard ratio (95%
confidence interval)
Method 12
 No psychiatric disorder 930,616 / 13,181 1.00
 Psychiatric disorder 55,414 / 560 0.71 (0.66, 0.78)
Method 23
 No psychiatric disorder 930,616 / 13,181 1.00
 Psychiatric disorder 55,414 / 789 1.01 (0.94, 1.08)
Method 34
 No psychiatric disorder 930,616 / 13,181 1.00
 Psychiatric disorder 55,414 / 789 1.02 (0.94, 1.11)
1

Data were simulated to represent 1,000,000 individuals, of whom 5.6% developed a “psychiatric disorder” at mean age 30.8, 1.4% developed “cancer” at mean age 37.1, and with no association between the two diagnoses;

2

Standard Cox regression excluding men whose cancer pre-dated their psychiatric disorder;

3

Standard Cox regression including men whose cancer pre-dated their psychiatric disorder;

4

Time-dependent Cox regression including men whose cancer pre-dated their psychiatric disorder