Table 3.
Therapeutic approaches in patients with metabolic syndrome
| Metabolic syndrome component | Goal of therapy | Drugs | Diet | Physical exercise |
| Arterial hypertension | BP < 140/90 mmHg | ACEI or ARBs and/ or Ca-antagonists and/ or alpha-blockers1 Limit diuretics and beta-blockers | Salt restriction and hypocaloric | Regular exercise |
| Hyperglycemia | HbA1c < 7%-6.5% | Metformin GLP-1-Agonists DPP-4-inhibitors | Hypocaloric | Regular exercise |
| Obesity | Weight loss 7%-10% | Orlistat Bariatric Surgery | Hypocaloric | Regular exercise |
| Dyslipidemia | LDL < 100-70 mg/dL TG < 150 mg/dL HDL: Men > 40/ Women > 50 mg/dL | Statins ± ezetimibe. PUFA-n-3, Fibrates | Hypocaloric | Regular exercise |
Not first choice. BP: Blood pressure; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibithors; ARBs: Angiotensin II receptor blockers; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; PUFA-n-3: Omega-3-Polyunsaturated.