Table 4.
Relative rate of respiratory admissions in relation to wildfire period
| Hospital admissions outcome | n* | Pre-wildfire period (referent) | Wildfire period RR (95% CI)† |
Post-wildfire period RR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted for PM2.5 | Adjusted for PM2.5 | Unadjusted for PM2.5 | Adjusted for PM2.5 | |||
| All respiratory | ||||||
| All ages | 21 019 | 1.00 | 0.961 (0.916 to 1.008) | 0.903 (0.850 to 0.960) | 1.143 (1.072 to 1.219) | 1.173 (1.097 to 1.253) |
| Ages 0–4 | 2143 | 1.00 | 0.865 (0.757 to 0.989) | 0.842 (0.717 to 0.988) | 1.152 (0.957 to 1.388) | 1.162 (0.954 to 1.415) |
| Ages 5–19 | 1205 | 1.00 | 1.098 (0.910 to 1.324) | 1.087 (0.863 to 1.370) | 1.373 (1.089 to 1.732) | 1.467 (1.142 to 1.883) |
| Ages 20–64 | 8314 | 1.00 | 0.991 (0.922 to 1.066) | 0.923 (0.843 to 1.012) | 1.074 (0.971 to 1.188) | 1.104 (0.992 to 1.228) |
| Ages 65–99 | 9357 | 1.00 | 0.932 (0.867 to 1.003) | 0.874 (0.795 to 0.959) | 1.147 (1.045 to 1.259) | 1.193 (1.084 to 1.313) |
| Asthma | ||||||
| All ages | 3022 | 1.00 | 1.088 (0.965 to 1.227) | 0.992 (0.856 to 1.149) | 1.264 (1.085 to 1.473) | 1.336 (1.134 to 1.573) |
| Ages 0–4 | 600 | 1.00 | 0.806 (0.632 to 1.029) | 0.714 (0.515 to 0.990) | 1.092 (0.759 to 1.572) | 1.133 (0.777 to 1.654) |
| Ages 5–19 | 733 | 1.00 | 1.254 (0.999 to 1.575) | 1.282 (0.958 to 1.716) | 1.564 (1.160 to 2.109) | 1.629 (1.184 to 2.243) |
| Ages 20–64 | 1151 | 1.00 | 1.273 (1.067 to 1.518) | 1.221 (0.979 to 1.524) | 1.362 (1.043 to 1.779) | 1.486 (1.111 to 1.987) |
| Ages 65–99 | 538 | 1.00 | 0.869 (0.657 to 1.151) | 0.645 (0.450 to 0.925) | 0.924 (0.606 to 1.408) | 1.005 (0.650 to 1.552) |
| Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | ||||||
| All ages | 618 | 1.00 | 1.143 (0.878 to 1.490) | 0.959 (0.696 to 1.321) | 1.482 (1.042 to 2.109) | 1.580 (1.089 to 2.291) |
| Ages 0–4 | 353 | 1.00 | 1.128 (0.819 to 1.555) | 0.899 (0.607 to 1.333) | 1.520 (0.947 to 2.440) | 1.547 (0.954 to 2.507) |
| Ages 5–19 | 23 | 1.00 | ||||
| Ages 20–64 | 106 | 1.00 | 1.350 (0.688 to 2.648) | 1.320 (0.608 to 2.863) | 2.454 (1.068 to 5.640) | 2.515 (1.055 to 5.998) |
| Ages 65–99 | 136 | 1.00 | 1.166 (0.643 to 2.115) | 0.934 (0.422 to 2.066) | 0.911 (0.428 to 1.942) | 0.997 (0.439 to 2.262) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||||
| Ages 20–99 | 2860 | 1.00 | 0.988 (0.875 to 1.115) | 0.913 (0.779 to 1.069) | 1.043 (0.885 to 1.228) | 1.064 (0.897 to 1.262) |
| Ages 20–64 | 910 | 1.00 | 0.967 (0.779 to 1.201) | 0.873 (0.660 to 1.156) | 1.175 (0.862 to 1.601) | 1.311 (0.954 to 1.802) |
| Ages 65–99 | 1950 | 1.00 | 1.002 (0.869 to 1.156) | 0.926 (0.767 to 1.117) | 0.985 (0.811 to 1.196) | 0.981 (0.798 to 1.206) |
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| All ages | 6440 | 1.00 | 0.943 (0.868 to 1.025) | 0.888 (0.799 to 0.986) | 1.294 (1.158 to 1.446) | 1.318 (1.174 to 1.479) |
| Ages 0–4 | 537 | 1.00 | 0.938 (0.705 to 1.247) | 0.951 (0.678 to 1.333) | 1.458 (0.974 to 2.182) | 1.374 (0.885 to 2.133) |
| Ages 5–19 | 293 | 1.00 | 0.891 (0.604 to 1.312) | 0.830 (0.541 to 1.272) | 0.960 (0.588 to 1.569) | 0.969 (0.578 to 1.624) |
| Ages 20–64 | 1686 | 1.00 | 0.927 (0.795 to 1.081) | 0.837 (0.690 to 1.016) | 1.314 (1.064 to 1.622) | 1.300 (1.047 to 1.615) |
| Ages 65–99 | 3924 | 1.00 | 0.959 (0.861 to 1.068) | 0.899 (0.782 to 1.033) | 1.277 (1.102 to 1.481) | 1.331 (1.142 to 1.552) |
| Unadjusted for PM2.5 | Adjusted for PM2.5 | Unadjusted for PM2.5 | Adjusted for PM2.5 | |||
| All cardiovascular‡ | 27 170 | 1.00 | 0.958 (0.920 to 0.997) | 0.947 (0.902 to 0.994) | 1.061 (1.006 to 1.119) | 1.053 (0.994 to 1.114) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 10319 | 1.00 | 0.913 (0.852 to 0.978) | 0.905 (0.832 to 0.985) | 1.029 (0.943 to 1.123) | 1.029 (0.936 to 1.131) |
| Congestive heart failure | 6144 | 1.00 | 0.891 (0.817 to 0.972) | 0.911 (0.819 to 1.014) | 1.113 (0.997 to 1.242) | 1.105 (0.982 to 1.244) |
| Cardiac dysrhythmia | 4004 | 1.00 | 0.968 (0.874 to 1.072) | 0.964 (0.851 to 1.093) | 1.089 (0.949 to 1.251) | 1.057 (0.914 to 1.223) |
| Cerebrovascular disease and stroke | 5908 | 1.00 | 1.066 (0.981 to 1.159) | 1.017 (0.922 to 1.123) | 1.013 (0.907 to 1.132) | 1.013 (0.902 to 1.138) |
*
Number of hospital admissions for zip codes with defined populations
†
adjusted for race, gender, county, median income, weekend, relative humidity, temperature, age and pressure gradient
‡
cardiovascular admissions were for subjects ages 45-99 years. PM2.5, particulate matter.