Table 2.
Characteristics of ICU patients with candidemia in the two study periods, 2003–2007 (period 1) and 2008–2012 (period 2)
| Variable | Period 1 (N = 396) | Period 2 (N = 251) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (N, male:female) | 206:190 | 122:129 | 0.40 |
| Age (years) | 67 (18–97) | 63 (19–97) | 0.67 |
| Time (days) from admission to candidemia diagnosis | 21 (0–142) | 16 (0–188) | 0.01 |
| Private hospital | 340 (37.8) | 242 (49.3) | <0.001 |
| APACHE II score, median (range)a | 27 (0–46) | 22 (3–42) | 0.08 |
| Cancer | 102 (25.8) | 72 (28.7) | 0.41 |
| Hematologic | 14 (3.5) | 15 (6.0) | 0.14 |
| Solid tumor | 88 (22.2) | 57 (22.7) | 0.88 |
| Diabetes | 96 (24.2) | 62 (24.7) | 0.89 |
| Renal failure | 162 (40.9) | 100 (39.8) | 0.79 |
| Chronic renal failure | 57 (14.4) | 24 (9.6) | 0.07 |
| Dialysis | 112 (28.3) | 71 (28.3) | 1.00 |
| Liver disease | 32 (8.1) | 42 (16.7) | 0.001 |
| Auto-immune disease | 18 (4.5) | 10 (4.0) | 0.73 |
| Neurologic disease | 83 (21.0) | 77 (30.7) | 0.005 |
| Transplant | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | 1.00 |
| Cardiac disease | 142 (35.9) | 85 (33.9) | 0.60 |
| Lung disease | 106 (26.8) | 79 (31.5) | 0.20 |
| Surgery | 205 (51.8) | 131 (52.2) | 0.92 |
| Abdominal surgery | 129 (32.6) | 66 (25.9) | 0.07 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 296 (74.7) | 184 (73.3) | 0.68 |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 83 (21.0) | 57 (22.7) | 0.60 |
| Central venous catheter | 364 (91.9) | 241 (96.0) | 0.04 |
| Neutropenia | 9 (2.3) | 7 (2.8) | 0.68 |
| Prior drug/treatment exposure | |||
| Antibiotics | 377 (95.2) | 245 (97.6) | 0.12 |
| Corticosteroids | 202 (51.0) | 136 (54.2) | 0.43 |
| Other immunosuppressive drugs | 23 (5.8) | 15 (6.0) | 0.93 |
| Chemotherapy | 7 (1.8) | 15 (6.0) | 0.004 |
| Fluconazole prior to candidemia | 46 (11.6) | 56 (22.3) | <0.001 |
| Candida spp. | |||
| C. albicans | 177 (44.7) | 108 (43.0) | 0.68 |
| C. parapsilosis | 72 (18.2) | 39 (15.5) | 0.38 |
| C. tropicalis | 90 (22.7) | 51 (20.3) | 0.47 |
| C. glabrata | 31 (7.8) | 33 (13.1) | 0.03 |
| C. krusei | 5 (1.3) | 11 (4.4) | 0.01 |
| C. guilliermondii | 9 (2.3) | 3 (1.2) | 0.38 |
| Treatment received | 288 (72.7) | 194 (77.3) | 0.19 |
| Fluconazole | 174/288 (60.4) | 121/194 (62.4) | 0.67 |
| Deoxycholate AMBb | 80/288 (27.8) | 26/194 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| Lipid AMBb | 9/288 (3.1) | 12/194 (6.2) | 0.11 |
| Echinocandin | 17/288 (5.9) | 35/194 (18.0) | <0.001 |
| 30-day crude mortality | 298/390 (76.4)c | 152/250 (60.8)d | <0.001 |
Data are presented as a number with the percentage given in parenthesis, or as the median with the range given in parenthesis, unless specified otherwise
aAPACHE, Acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (Data available for 261 patients only)
bAMB, amphotericin B
cStatus on day 30 was not known in 6 patients
dStatus on day 30 was not known in 1 patient