Fig. 1.

Predicted probability of death in the paediatric intensive care unit from successive iterations of the paediatric index of mortality score (PIM) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Examples with equivalent admission physiology, with and without the high-risk diagnosis of ‘leukaemia/lymphoma outside first induction’ are shown. The absolute (ARR) and relative risk reductions (RRR) for haematology/oncology cases are greater than for the non-high-risk cases in this period (PIM vs. PIM3, ARDS—high risk: ARR 12.2 %, RRR 44.2 %; non-high risk: ARR 0 %, RRR 0 %. MODS—high risk: ARR 28 %, RRR 56.2 %; non-high risk: ARR 5.1 %, RRR 37 %)